Optical Amplifiers for Access and Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial

Horváth, Tomáš; Radil, Jan; Münster, Petr; Bao, Ning-Hai

doi:10.3390/app10175912

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Special bidirectional optical amplifier for such extended PON links is hotly debated too [97], [98]. Taking this further, [101] proposes different amplification methodologies, including optical 2R and OEO 3R -which align perfectly with the framework discussed here. Another potential use case in PON would be the usage of optical amplification to support higher splitting ratios in highly dense areas (as a loss of 10 log(N ) dB is incurred at each 1:N split) [99], [100].…”

Section: Discussion -Limitations and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Francis

Manivasakan

2022

IEEE Access

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We propose and demonstrate a generalized framework for performance limit evaluation and comparison of multihop optical repeated and regenerated links. The model developed is implementation agnostic and applies to multihop optical links of varied forms, including fiber, free space, and underwater links. The framework estimates the best-case performance gains of deploying an all-regenerative link over an all-repeater link for any given implementation. The implementation-independent technique is then illustrated using guided and free-space optical links. An abstract model is developed first with the evolution of signal, noise power, and bit error rate down the link compared and contrasted for both cases. The model is then evaluated using physical parameters for a typical fiber optic intensity-modulated direct detection link, and the obtained all-regenerator link performance advantage is translated to extra reach and lower transmission power requirements. Further, certain approximations are provided to reduce computational complexity and improve the analytical tractability of the procedure, which could be particularly helpful when employed in specialized hardware or for dynamic reconfiguration networks. Finally, the framework's versatility is established by employing it in analyzing an ideal free-space link and comparing amplify and forward links against decode and forward counterparts. Similar results are also reproduced on a commercial optical link simulation suite. Detailed literature on link analysis is provided for fiber, free space, and underwater links, bringing out their similarities. We conclude by elaborating on various current and emerging application domains and certain limitations of the proposed technique.

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Section: Discussion -Limitations and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 62%

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Francis

Manivasakan

2022

IEEE Access

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“…In addition, there are always two EDFAs at the two ends of each link, to amplify the incoming and outgoing signals. The EDFAs have been chosen because they outperform other options in longer transmission distances, as can be seen in [33], and they can be effectively integrated into optical networks [34].…”

Section: Energy Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake-Tolerant Energy-Aware Algorithm for WDM Backbone Network

Noitsis,

Beletsioti,

Valkanis

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Traffic on backbone communication networks is growing significantly every year. This results in an increase in both energy consumption and the carbon footprint they leave on the environment. As a response, research efforts are focused on reducing energy consumption in telecom networks. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks are key for addressing rising bandwidth demands in backbone networks, but this leads to a concurrent surge in energy usage. Additionally, regions with high seismic activity risk damage to backbone networks from earthquakes, causing significant bandwidth loss and service disruptions. This paper aims to reduce the energy consumption in a backbone network by implementing an algorithm that optimizes energy efficiency while preserving network connectivity and resistance to earthquake phenomena. The proposed algorithm redesigns and modifies a backbone network by deactivating the unnecessary links without affecting the network performance. The scheme is extensively evaluated through simulations using real seismic data from the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens, confirming earthquake resilience and energy efficiency goals, with an energy saving of up to 9% compared to existing solutions.

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“…Table 5 summarises the advantages and disadvantages of the standard SDN architecture as already expatiated. In other cases, [75] considered PCEP and SNMP protocols to be prospects in the future. A master controller, as shown in Figure 11 is also referred as a father controller, does the orchestration alongside the individual local domain controllers for managing the network resource.…”

Section: Early Adoption Of Sdns In Optical Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software-Defined Networks for Optical Networks using Flexible Orchestration : Advances, Challenges and Opportunities

Nsafoa-Yeboah¹,

Tchao²,

Yeboah-Akowuah³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Optical networks offer a wide range of benefits to the telecommunication sector world- wide with its provision of higher bandwidth which leads to faster data speed, longer transmission distance, and improved latency. Currently, the complexity associated with advancements in optical networks poses problems to network flexibility, reliability, and quality of service. Over the years, many reviews and proposals have been implemented by several literatures to provide solutions for optical networks using software-defined networks and network service orchestrators. This paper reviews the significant challenges in current optical network applications, the various solutions rendered by software-defined networks as well as network service orchestration, the impediments, and gaps in these software – defined networks. This paper will go a step further to look into the various improvements and implementations of software-defined networks tailored to solve specific optical network problems. This paper further proposes a flexible orchestration architecture for software-defined networks for solving flexibility and scalability problems in optical networks. This proposal uses Open Network System (ONOS) SDN controller, leveraging on dockerisation as well as kubernetes clusterisation and orchestration. This solution presents a more flexible, reliable, customable, and higher quality of service which is an improvement upon current solutions in literature.

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Optical Amplifiers for Access and Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial

Cited by 16 publications

References 116 publications

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

A Performance Limit Estimation Framework for Multihop Repeated/Regenerated Optical Links

Earthquake-Tolerant Energy-Aware Algorithm for WDM Backbone Network

Software-Defined Networks for Optical Networks using Flexible Orchestration : Advances, Challenges and Opportunities

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