“…Numerous designs of intraocular lenses (IOLs) for specific purposes, such as spherical, aspheric, toric, or presbyopia-correcting, have been developed. Optical simulation software like CODE V (Optical Research Associates, Pasadena, CA), OSLO (Lambda Research Corporation, Littleton, MA), or ZEMAX (ZEMAX LLC, Kirkland, WA, USA) has been used to investigate the optical quality of these IOLs, design various conditions in an optical environment, and compare results with those of an in vitro optical bench test [ 5 – 12 ]. However, all these simulation software presented are based on ray-tracing technology.…”