Optical Chaos Based Secure Optical Body Area Network Employing Polarization Multiplexing and Free Space Optics for e-Health Applications

Kanwal, Benish; Kanwal, Firdous; Kausar, Tasleem; Habib, Nazish; Atieh, Ahmad; Mirza, Jawad

doi:10.1109/ibcast54850.2022.9990449

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We consider that the FSO channel is memoryless, stationary, and ergodic. Hence, the system may be represented by the the following mathematical expression [36].…”

Section: Working Principle and Sensing Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where ξ is the scattering coefficient. The scattering coefficient depends on the weather and is a function of the visibility ν, that can be calculated using the expression [36].…”

Section: Working Principle and Sensing Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity of reflected signals from FBG sensors transmitted over FSO channel is mainly affected by atmospheric attenuation and turbulence. The atmospheric attenuation is modeled by Beer-Lambert's law as [36].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote monitoring of sleep disorder using FBG sensors and FSO transmission system enabled smart vest

Kanwal,

Atieh,

Ghafoor

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

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Optical sensors, particularly ﬁber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have achieved a fast ingress into the ﬁelds of medical diagnostic and vital signs monitoring. Wearable smart textiles equipped with FBG sensors are catching huge research attention in different applications for measurement and monitoring of physiological parameters. In this paper, we report a simple technique for remote monitoring of sleep disorder using a smart vest implemented with four FBG stress sensors located at different sides of the vest and free space optics (FSO) transmission system. The sleep disorder of the patient is monitored in real time through shifts in the original Bragg wavelengths of sensors by stress loading during random changes in patient’s sleeping postures. The reﬂected wavelength from a stress loaded sensor at a certain posture is transmitted over 0.5 km long FSO channel towards remote medical center, photodetected, and then can be processed in a PC to record the restlessness in a certain time interval in terms of total number of times sleeping postures are changed, total time spent at a certain posture etc. To correctly detect the stress loaded FBG sensor at the medical center, various parameters of FBG sensors and demultiplexer are carefully adjusted to minimize the power leakages from unloaded sensors that may result into errors in the detection. Maximum dynamic range around 45 dB has been achieved ensuring accurate detection. This study not only provides a cost-efﬁcient and non-intrusive solution for monitoring the sleep disorder of patients but also can be used for real-time monitoring of various other ailments, such as lung, brain, and cardiac diseases in future.

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“…We consider that the FSO channel is memoryless, stationary, and ergodic. Hence, the system may be represented by the the following mathematical expression [36].…”

Section: Working Principle and Sensing Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where ξ is the scattering coefficient. The scattering coefficient depends on the weather and is a function of the visibility ν, that can be calculated using the expression [36].…”

Section: Working Principle and Sensing Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Remote monitoring of sleep disorder using FBG sensors and FSO transmission system enabled smart vest

Kanwal,

Atieh,

Ghafoor

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

Self Cite

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“…The e-health solutions are best suited for remote health monitoring of elder citizens and ailing or disabled persons living in old age homes, pandemic hit areas, or any hindrance in interacting with the medical staff [2]. Moreover, e-health platforms deliver optimum results where increasing physician and patient engagement, improvements in clinical quality, use of evidence-based medication, and lowering of medical expenditures are required [8]. An illustration of the proposed OBAN is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Application Of the Proposed Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard was basically stipulated for wireless channel model obtained through measurements. Later on, it was researched that prolong RF exposure may result into malfunctioning of medical equipment and damaging the health of patients or medical staff [8]. Therefore, it is envisioned by the experts that future BANs should be of high throughput, compatible to green-radio (GR) trend, resistive to EMI, license-free spectrum utilization, low installation and maintenance costs etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Secure Optical Body Area Network Based on Free Space Optics and Time-Delayed 2D-Spectral/Spatial Optical CDMA

Kanwal

Armghan

Imtiaz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Free space optics (FSO) based optical body area networks (OBANs) are getting massive attention as an opportunity to address the limitations of radio frequency (RF) based counterparts. This boom in research interest is primarily due to multitude of benefits including, high capacity, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), rapid installation, cost efficiency, license-free use of spectrum etc. The secure transmission of private health data of patients in OBANs over an insecure FSO channel is a challenging task. Therefore, this paper proposes a low cost, flexible, and secure OBAN based on FSO technology and time-delayed two dimensional (2D) spectral/spatial optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) system. The proposed architecture consists of eight sensors attached to the bodies of patients operating at the rate of 50 kbps. Data from each sensor is encoded using a 2D spectral/spatial double weight-zero cross correlation (DW-ZCC) code. The 2D encoded optical signals are then time delayed to eliminate the multiple parallel FSO channels between the transmitter and medical center. The combined optical signal is transmitted via 1 km of FSO channel towards remote medical center. Received signal is decoded and data of each sensor is recovered after photo-detection at medical center for further analysis. The FSO channel between transmitter and medical center is modeled using Log-normal channel model. The overall performance of the sensors is analyzed using Bit-error rate (BER) plots for distinctive climate conditions. Secure and error free transmission of sensors data is successfully achieved for different weather conditions between the patients and remote medical center while achieving low receiver sensitivities.

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A Secure Optical Body Area Network Based on Free Space Optics and Time-Delayed 2D-Spectral/Spatial Optical CDMA

Kanwal,

Qureshi,

Imtiaz

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Free space optics (FSO)-based optical body area networks (OBANs) are receiving massive attention as an opportunity to address the limitations of their radio frequency (RF)-based counterparts. This boom in research interests is primarily due to multitude of benefits, including high capacity, immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), rapid installation, cost efficiency, and license-free use of spectrum. Securing the transmission of patient health data against interception in OBANs using insecure FSO channels is a challenging task. Therefore, we propose a low-cost, flexible, and secure OBAN based on FSO technology and a time-delayed two dimensional (2D) spectral/spatial optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) system. The proposed architecture consists of eight sensors attached to the bodies of patients. The sensors operate at a rate of 50 kbps. Electrical data generated from each sensor are used to modulate an optical carrier and then encoded using 2D-spectral/spatial double weight–zero cross correlation (DW-ZCC) code. The 2D encoded optical signals are then time delayed to eliminate the multiple parallel FSO channels between the transmitter and medical center. The combined optical signal consists of eight 2D-encoded time-delayed optical signals transmitted towards a remote medical center over an FSO channel with a range of 1 km. The received signal is decoded and the data from each sensor are recovered after photodetection at the medical center for further analysis. The overall performance of the sensors is analyzed using bit-error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) plots for different weather conditions and lengths of the FSO channel, considering the log-normal channel model. The capital expenditure (CAPEX) of the proposed architecture is analyzed and compared with the conventional 2D-spectral/spatial FSO system to determine the overall impact of introducing time delay units on the cost of implementation.

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Optical Chaos Based Secure Optical Body Area Network Employing Polarization Multiplexing and Free Space Optics for e-Health Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Remote monitoring of sleep disorder using FBG sensors and FSO transmission system enabled smart vest

Remote monitoring of sleep disorder using FBG sensors and FSO transmission system enabled smart vest

A Secure Optical Body Area Network Based on Free Space Optics and Time-Delayed 2D-Spectral/Spatial Optical CDMA

A Secure Optical Body Area Network Based on Free Space Optics and Time-Delayed 2D-Spectral/Spatial Optical CDMA

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