Optical Coatings as Mirrors for Optical Diagnostics

Marot, L.; Arnoux, G.; Huber, A.; Huber, V.; Mertens, Philippe; Sergienko, G.; Meyer, Ernst; Contributors, Jet

doi:10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.03.1

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Note that because of the small film thickness and the rather high sputtering rate (for Rh film) the important condition for their use as first mirrors is to achieve a significant attenuation of the CXA flux density to the mirror surface, e.g., by strongly limiting the size of the input pupil. This was suggested for the ITER H α monitor [33] and recently realized in experiments at T-10 [34] and JET [26] in which large size (200x300 mm) Rh film mirrors were employed.…”

Section: Film Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions

Voitsenya¹,

Bardamid²,

Donné³

2016

PHY

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In the experimental fusion reactor ITER, the plasma-facing component of each optical and/or laser diagnostic needs to be based on reflective optics with at least one mirror (first mirror) facing the thermonuclear plasma. The different kinds of radiation emanating from the burning plasma (neutrons, neutral atoms, electromagnetic radiation) create hostile operating conditions for the first mirrors. Therefore, a special program has been set up under the ITER framework aimed at solving the first mirror problem. This paper will review the main results in this field that have been obtained in the Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology” (in many cases in cooperation with groups of other countries, as indicated in corresponding parts of the manuscript) during long-term investigations directed to find a solution of this problem,i.e., to find a material and accompanying precautions in order to satisfy the requirements for first mirrors. The main efforts were devoted to finding solutions to overcome the impact of the most severe deteriorating factors resulting in degradation of the optical properties of mirrors: sputtering by charge exchange atoms and deposition of contaminants. The obtained results are focused on: the effects of long term sputtering on mirror specimens fabricated from different metals with different structures (polycrystals, single crystals, metal film on metal substrates, amorphous), the effects of contaminating film and the possible protection to avoid of its appearance, the role of chemical processes for some metal mirrors, and the choice of material of laser mirrors.

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Section: Film Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The two other groups study the behavior of films obtained by a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum [24,25]. All main publications connected with investigation of film mirrors were recently enumerated in a short review [26].…”

Section: Film Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions

Voitsenya¹,

Bardamid²,

Donné³

2016

PHY

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“…This works best with a mirror made of a high-Z material having a low sputtering coefficient. Mirror substrates made of nano-crystal or single crystal molybdenum or rhodium are being considered [14][15][16]. A number of issues are under investigation, such as the effect of repeated cleaning cycles on nano-crystal and single crystal substrates, manufacturing of nano-crystal and single crystal elements, and determination of the end of a cleaning cycle.…”

Section: Mirror Cleaning Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITER beam aided diagnostics

Levinton¹,

Reichert²,

Bock³

2022

J. Inst.

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We provide an overview of ITER beam aided diagnostics, including the motional Stark effect (MSE) and charge exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS). ITER presents several unique challenges to plasma diagnostics in general and beam-aided diagnostics in particular. The large size, long pulse, and DT operation drives much of the diagnostic design. This in turn has driven a significant R&D effort concerning the maintenance of plasma facing mirrors with sufficient reflectivity to maintain the utility of the diagnostic. In the case of MSE a new approach utilizing spectral splitting will be pursued instead of the conventional polarimetry approach due to the difficulty of maintaining and calibrating the polarizations properties of the plasma facing mirror.

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“…As mentioned above, this system, composed of a mirror box with 3 stainless steel mirrors coated with Rh, is attached to the vacuum vessel wall on the low field side of the JET-ILW torus. insignificant degradation of the optical transmittance has been observed [34].…”

Section: Protection Camerasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time protection of the JET ITER-like wall based on near infrared imaging diagnostic systems

et al. 2018

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In JET with ITER-like wall (JET-ILW), the first wall was changed to metallic materials (tungsten and beryllium) [1] which require a reliable protection system to avoid damage of the plasma-facing components (PFCs) due to beryllium melting or cracking of tungsten owing to thermal fatigue. To address this issue, a protection system with real time control, based on imaging diagnostics, has been implemented on JET-ILW in 2011.

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Optical Coatings as Mirrors for Optical Diagnostics

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions

Experimental Simulation of the Behaviour of Diagnostic First Mirrors Fabricated of Different Metals for ITER Conditions

ITER beam aided diagnostics

Real-time protection of the JET ITER-like wall based on near infrared imaging diagnostic systems

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