Optical Coherence Tomography Normative Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Data in Children 0–5 Years of Age

Rotruck, Jill C.; House, Robert J.; Freedman, Sharon F.; Kelly, Michael; Enyedi, Laura B.; Prakalapakorn, S. Grace; Lim, Maria E.; El-Dairi, Mays

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2019.06.025

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Rotruck et al [ 15 ] did a study of normative macular data in children ages 0-5 years. In patients < 18 months old, an inverse relationship was found between age and mean thickness of the perifovea for the GCL, while in patients ≥ 18 months, no relationship was found between them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Xia

Chen

Zheng

2020

BioMed Research International

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Objective. To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision were recruited in the study. Both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia and the right eyes of normal controls underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT. The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macular. An independent sample t -test was applied to compare the mean layer thicknesses of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with those of control eyes. Results. There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusion. The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Xia

Chen

Zheng

2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Rotruck et al (42) reported that the mean global pRNFL thickness of healthy children aged 0-5 years old was 107.6 ± 10.3 µm and it was not dependent on age. In general, the thickest region of pRNFL in healthy children is the inferior quadrant, which is thicker than in adults and not dependent on age but showed a negative relationship with axial length (41)(42)(43)(44). The pRNFL thickness may attenuate subsequently because of physiologic growth in axial length during the growth and development of children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhu et al ( 41 ) examined 2,105 12-year-old healthy students using SD-OCT and reported that the average pRNFL thickness was 103.08 ± 1.2 μm and the pRNFL thickness was thicker with shorter axial length and higher hyperopia. Rotruck et al ( 42 ) reported that the mean global pRNFL thickness of healthy children aged 0–5 years old was 107.6 ± 10.3 μm and it was not dependent on age. In general, the thickest region of pRNFL in healthy children is the inferior quadrant, which is thicker than in adults and not dependent on age but showed a negative relationship with axial length ( 41 – 44 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Childhood Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021

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Objectives: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness has been detected by numerous studies about alterations and abnormalities in childhood glaucoma, but these studies have yielded inconsistent results about the RNFL thinning region. The investigation of characteristics of RNFL in pediatric patients would contribute to the deep understanding of the neuropathic mechanisms of childhood glaucoma. Thus, the degree of thinning in different quadrants deserves further discussion and exploration.Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases to identify clinical studies published from inception to April 1, 2021.Results: Ten studies were included in this review with a total of 311 children with glaucoma and 444 in nonglaucomatous controls. The results revealed that average peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) thickness was attenuated in pediatric patients with glaucoma [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −20.75; 95% CI −27.49 to −14.01; p < 0.00001]. Additionally, pRNFL thickness in eight quadrants (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, superonasal, and inferonasal) had different levels of reduction in the pediatric group of glaucoma.Conclusion: This study indicates that eight regions of RNFL thickness show various degrees of thinning in childhood glaucoma. However, caution is required in the interpretation of results due to marked heterogeneity. Future studies, especially larger samples and multicenter, need to confirm our results.

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“…We chose to explore this topic because of the lack of normative parameters that is due to an improvement in different technologies and instruments. Consequently, we decided to see if there were any significant differences in OCT normative references related to age, because it is not possible to adapt the referential rates to children and assess pathological changes [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Referential Rates for Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Flow Deficits in the Macular Choriocapillaris in Ophthalmologically Healthy Children

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Despite the growing number of new research publications, normative references for children’s optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters are still not completed. We chose to explore this topic because of the lack of normative parameters that is due to an improvement in different technologies and instruments. Our aim was to determine referential rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and flow deficits (FD%) in the macular choriocapillaris (CC) in normal eyes of ophthalmologically healthy children. Materials and Methods: Ophthalmologically healthy 8- to 14-year-old individuals participated (n = 75) in this study. OCT images were taken using an swept-source-OCT (SS-OCT) instrument (DRI-OCT Triton, Topcon, Tokyo, Japan). The early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (EDTRS) grid (6 × 6 mm) divided the RNFL into the thickness maps. The FD% values of the CC were calculated on the 3 × 3-mm scans in a 1-mm circle (C1), 1.5-mm rim (R1.5), and the entire 2.5-mm circle (C2.5), and on the 6 x 6-mm scans in a 1-mm circle (C1), 1.5-mm rim (R1.5), the entire 2.5-mm circle (C2.5), 2.5-mm rim (R2.5), and 5-mm circle (C5). Results: Both scan quantifications of FD% in the C1, C2.5, and R1.5 sectors were similar, but the 6 × 6-mm scan measurements were statistically significantly smaller than the 3 × 3-mm ones. Significant moderate correlations were found between axial length (AxL) and FD% in the 6 × 6-mm scans, namely C1 (r = −0.347, p = 0.002), C2.5 (r = −0.337, p = 0.003), R1.5 (r = −0.328, p = 0.004), R2.5 (r = −0.306, p = 0.008), and C5 (r = −0.314, p = 0.006). Conclusions: The thinnest RNFL layers were on the temporal and nasal sides. FD% values in the C1, C2.5, and R1.5 sectors were similar between the 3 × 3-mm and 6 × 6-mm scans. The negative moderate correlations between AxL and FD% were found in all C1, C2.5, C5, R1.5, and R2.5 sectors of the 6 × 6-mm scans. Further prospective studies are needed to determine more accurate normative references for children’s OCT parameters.

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Optical Coherence Tomography Normative Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Data in Children 0–5 Years of Age

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

Changes of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Childhood Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Determination of Referential Rates for Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Flow Deficits in the Macular Choriocapillaris in Ophthalmologically Healthy Children

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