Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A Brief Look at the Uses and Technological Evolution of Ophthalmology

Zeppieri, Marco; Marsili, Stefania; Enaholo, Ehimare Samuel; Shuaibu, Ayishetu Oshoke; Uwagboe, Ngozi; Salati, Carlo; Spadea, Leopoldo; Musa, Mutali

doi:10.3390/medicina59122114

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…To assess the safety of ANV administration in vivo , we examined the health and anatomical structure of each study eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT is a non-invasive, quantitative diagnostic tool commonly used in ophthalmology to evaluate eye health, particularly the retina, allowing for detailed examination of retinal structure [Stuarenghi 2014, Zeppieri 2023]. For our analysis, we focused on measuring retinal thickness, employing a customized approach, measuring from the internal limiting membrane (ILM) to the outer photoreceptor segment (OS).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel functional gene delivery platform based on a commensal human anellovirus demonstrates transduction in multiple tissue types

Prince,

Bounoutas,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Anelloviridae is a family of non-enveloped viruses with negative-sense, circular, single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) genomes that infect vertebrates and are a ubiquitous component of the human virome. Human anelloviruses evade induction of humoral immune responses and appear to be non-pathogenic. These properties, in conjunction with their enormous genomic diversity and wide tissue distribution, make anelloviruses compelling candidates as vectors for next-generation genetic medicines. Here we report the first gene delivery vector system based on a human commensal virus. This Anellovector is based on a virus of the Betatorquevirus genus. Production is enabled by the development of the Self-Amplifying Trans-complementation of a Universal Recombinant aNellovector (SATURN) system, which relies on a self-replicating plasmid to provide viral proteins in trans that drive replication and capsid-dependent packaging of vector genomes. The SATURN system also utilizes a Cre-lox-based recombination mechanism to generate single unit-sized circular genomes inside the MOLT-4 production cell line. We demonstrate that the SATURN system can package a vector genome from a single betatorquevirus with capsids from multiple betatorquevirus species, supporting the feasibility of establishing a novel vector platform that takes advantage of the remarkable diversity of anelloviruses. The Anellovector demonstrated function in vitro in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The Anellovector also demonstrated durable in vivo function in the mouse eye for 9 months after subretinal administration, and achieved comparable gene expression to dose-matched adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) when transduced by the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route of administration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a functional anellovirus-based gene therapy vector. Anellovectors have great potential to deliver safe, redosable, and potent therapeutics, helping to expand the reach of programmable medicines.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel functional gene delivery platform based on a commensal human anellovirus demonstrates transduction in multiple tissue types

Prince,

Bounoutas,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…OCT utilizes low-coherence interferometry with near-infrared light, enabling high-resolution imaging of tissue morphology and the generation of maps displaying the thicknesses of distinct layers within the cornea [ 30 ] . There are different types of OCT systems for corneal assessment, including time-domain OCT (TD-OCT), spectral-domain (SD)-OCT, and swept-source (SS)-OCT, each with its advantages [ 31 ] . Compared with visible light-based tomography systems, OCT provides images with enhanced resolution, with shorter acquisition times and reduced motion artifact.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratoconus: imaging modalities and management

Alqudah

2024

Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol

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Background: Keratoconus (KCN) is characterized by gradual thinning and steepening of the cornea, which can lead to significant vision problems owing to high astigmatism, corneal scarring, or even corneal perforation. The detection of KCN in its early stages is crucial for effective treatment. In this review, we describe current advances in the diagnosis and treatment of KCN. Methods: This narrative review focuses on recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of KCN, especially evolving approaches and strategies. To ensure the inclusion of the most recent literature, relevant publications discussing advanced imaging techniques and treatment options for KCN were extensively gathered from the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. The following index terms and keywords were used for the online search: keratoconus, diagnosis of keratoconus, advances in the diagnosis of keratoconus, topography or tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, treatment of keratoconus, advances in the treatment of keratoconus, collagen crosslinking, intrastromal ring, keratoplasty, and new techniques in keratoconus. Results: Various screening methods such as corneal topography, tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and assessment of corneal biomechanics have been developed to identify KCN in its early stages. After diagnosis, KCN management focuses on preventing disease progression. Corneal collagen crosslinking is a minimally invasive treatment that can slow or stop the progression of the condition. Recent research has also explored the use of copper sulfate eye drops (IVMED-80) as a noninvasive treatment to prevent the progression of KCN. Current treatment options for visual improvement include scleral lenses, intracorneal ring segments, corneal allogeneic intrastromal ring segments, and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Recently, novel alternative procedures, such as isolated Bowman layer transplantation, either as a corneal stromal inlay or onlay, have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Artificial intelligence has gained acceptance for providing best practices for the diagnosis and management of KCN, and the science of its application is contentiously debated; however, it may not have been sufficiently developed. Conclusions: Early detection and advancements in screening methods using current imaging modalities have improved diagnosis of KCN. Improvement in the accuracy of current screening or diagnostic tests and comparison of their validities are achievable by well-designed, large-scale, prospective studies. The safety and effectiveness of emerging treatments for KCN are currently being investigated. There is an ongoing need for studies to track progress and evaluate clinicians’ knowledge and practices in treating patients with KCN. Artificial intelligence capabilities in management approach considering the currently available imaging modalities and treatment options would best benefit the patient.

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A modified flying-spot laser eye-surgery platform for hyperopic correction

Abdelhalim,

Hassan,

Abdelkawi

et al. 2024

Opt Quant Electron

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Laser corneal reshaping is an eye surgery utilizes UV lasers to modify a targeted corneal surface to correct vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The most commonly used laser type in such treatment is a pulsed gas laser namely argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser (193 nm). A mixture of Argon, Fluorine and high percentage of Neon gas is utilized for producing the required laser. However, the availability of Neon gas is currently very limited due to the existent Russian-Ukraine war as this region is considered the main supplier of pure Neon gas. The present work provides a novel alternative system for the commercially available corneal reshaping eye surgery devices with a special opening for entering the operational laser beam from external sources. The proposed system is a flying spot platform coupled with a solid state laser, that is a forth harmonic of Nd: YAG laser. The aperture in the system’s design enables it to take in the generated UV-laser beam (266 nm) from the external Nd: YAG laser source. The beam is then modified and directed at the treatment area. The device was tested for hyperopia laser profile algorithm on different targets. Furthermore, the hyperopia profile procedure was also applied to the ex-vivo rabbit eye to investigate the ablation effect on the corneal tissues. The obtained results showed an appropriate ablation effect for hyperopic correction via a complete corneal reshaping platform. Although, the device’s current state may not be appropriate for immediate clinical use. It holds significant value as a training and educational platform.

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Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A Brief Look at the Uses and Technological Evolution of Ophthalmology

Cited by 25 publications

References 89 publications

A novel functional gene delivery platform based on a commensal human anellovirus demonstrates transduction in multiple tissue types

A novel functional gene delivery platform based on a commensal human anellovirus demonstrates transduction in multiple tissue types

Keratoconus: imaging modalities and management

A modified flying-spot laser eye-surgery platform for hyperopic correction

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