Optical critical coupling into highly confining metal-insulator-metal resonators

Manceau, Jean‐Michel; Zanotto, Simone; Sagnes, I.; Beaudoin, G.; Colombelli, R.

doi:10.1063/1.4819491

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Most importantly, it is possible to estimate the system absorption as A = 1 -R -T: 24% and 28% of the light is absorbed respectively by the upper and lower polaritonic resonances. This value is in line with what is achieved with systems with a metallic back-plane when not in critical coupling [36], and it can be improved with judicious sample design.…”

Section: Cryogenic Performance and Device-oriented Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The use of judiciously doped semiconductor QWs led to the observation of strong light-matter coupling between an ISB transition and the resonator photonic mode, at 300 K and at 78 K. We have also shown that placing the coupler grating on the air/active region boundary or burying it on the active region/CaF2 boundary leads to equivalent results. In the field of polaritonics such a two port system [27,36], with a near-IR transparent substrate and flexibility in radiation coupling, can represent a precious asset to study the temporal construction of polaritonic states [24] and possibly Casimir radiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

Tran¹,

Malerba²,

Talneau³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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We developed a technique that enables to replace a metallic waveguide cladding with a low-index (n1.4) material -CaF2 or BaF2that in addition is transparent from the mid-IR up to the visible range: elevated confinement is preserved while introducing an optical entryway through the substrate. Replacing the metallic backplane also allows double-side patterning of the active region. Using this approach, we demonstrate strong light-matter coupling between an intersubband transition (10 m) and a dispersive resonator, at 300 K and at 78 K. Finally, we evaluate the potential of this approach as a platform for waveguiding in the mid-IR spectral range, with numerical simulations that reveal losses in the 1-10 cm -1 range.

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Section: Cryogenic Performance and Device-oriented Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

Tran¹,

Malerba²,

Talneau³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

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“…Its electromagnetic coupling to the external world is described by a radiative damping rate γ r , while the resonator losses are lumped into a non-radiative rate γ nr . When the two damping rates are matched (γ r = γ nr ), all the incoming photons are coupled into the resonant photonic mode, a situation known as critical coupling 24,27 . Interestingly, this general concept also holds for the regime of strong coupling, as developed in Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared intersubband polaritons in dispersive metal-insulator-metal resonators

Manceau¹,

Zanotto

Ongarello³

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate room-temperature strong-coupling between a mid-infrared (λ=9.9 µm) intersubband transition and the fundamental cavity mode of a metal-insulator-metal resonator. Patterning of the resonator surface enables surface-coupling of the radiation and introduces an energy dispersion which can be probed with angle-resolved reflectivity. In particular, the polaritonic dispersion presents an accessible energy minimum at k=0 where potentially polaritons can accumulate. We also show that it is possible to maximize the coupling of photons into the polaritonic states andsimultaneously -to engineer the position of the minimum Rabi splitting at a desired value of the in-plane wavevector. This can be precisely accomplished via a simple post-processing technique. The results are confirmed using the temporal coupled mode theory formalism and their significance in the context of the concept of strong critical coupling is highlighted.Light emitting devices based on microcavity polaritons have experienced a tremendous development in the last two decades with the successful demonstration of electroluminescent diodes and optically pumped "bosonic lasers" operating at near-infrared wavelengths 1,2 . The extension of such devices to mid-infrared (mid-IR) and Terahertz (THz) wavelengths (λ > 10µm) has been recently explored, taking advantage of the design flexibility offered by intersubband (ISB) transitions in semiconductor quantum wells. The strong coupling between an ISB transition (or more precisely an ISB plasmon 3 ) and a microcavity photonic mode was first demonstrated in the mid-IR 4 and then in the THz range 5 . Devices based on microcavity ISB polaritons hold great potential since in the strong-coupling regime a periodic energy exchange between the light and matter degrees of freedom takes place on an ultrafast time scale (the Rabi oscillation time). On one hand, ISB polaritons can in principle exhibit radiatiave decay times faster than a bare ISB transition. This effect could yield more efficient electroluminescent devices at such wavelengths 6,7 . On the other hand, due to their bosonic nature, ISB polaritons are subject to final state stimulation, as it is also the case for their excitonic counterparts, and they can potentially lead to the demonstration of bosonic mid-IR or THz lasers 8-10 , which would not rely on population inversion. Quantum cascade structures embedded in microcavities have been used to demonstrate electrically pumped light emitting polaritonic devices in the mid-IR 11 . Furthermore, phonon-assisted polariton scattering processes have been observed 12 . This constitutes an encouraging step towards the development of efficient electroluminescent polaritonic devices, since it is possible to rely on a proven scattering process.However, in the polaritonic light emitting devices (LED) demonstrated to date a key parameter is missing. It is not possible with a total internal reflection cavity geometry to obtain an energy minimum at very low in-plane wavevector (k ) values, where the density of states...

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“…For QWIPs, the matching of radiative-and absorption-induced decay rates is a key issue (critical coupling), and this tuning mechanism is complementary to that reported in Ref. 25. For GMRFs, a fully-contrasted, isolated transmission feature of tunable linewidth is the essence of the device.…”

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confidence: 56%

Photonic bands and defect modes in metallo-dielectric photonic crystal slabs

et al. 2014

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Photonic components based on structured metallic elements show great potential for device applications where field enhancement and confinement of the radiation on a subwavelength scale is required. In this paper we report a detailed study of a prototypical metallo-dielectric photonic structure, where features well known in the world of dielectric photonic crystals, like band gaps and defect modes, are exported to the metallic counterpart, with interesting applications to infrared science and technology, as for instance in quantum well infrared photodetectors, narrow-band spectral filters, and tailorable thermal emitters.The idea of reproducing the naturally occurring periodic arrangement of atoms in solid crystals by settling ordered arrays of scattering elements on the light wavelength scale gave origin to the extremely fruitful concept of photonic crystal [1]. Despite the full maturity of this research field, new possibilities keep emerging, regarding the ability of spatially confining otherwise freely propagating photons [2,3]. In original proposals and traditional implementations, photonic crystals relied on dielectric media, mainly owing to the natural interconnection with semiconductor science and technology. However, moving to metallic photonic structures, new physics was developed and technological milestones were set. Starting from the discovery of extraordinary transmission[4], researchers explored the world of periodic arrangements of metallic elements, where the concepts of metamaterials and plasmonics naturally appear.Hybrid metallo-dielectric photonic devices attract attention because the interface between those two classes of materials naturally supports an intense local electric field. This is of clear relevance when the goal is to enhance non-linear effects [5], but also in the realm of linear physics, where the existence of a maximum of the field close to an interface enables the technology for a whole class of photonic devices, like terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). It is indeed in connection with QCLs and other intersubband devices that certain concepts, like distributed feedback lasers and photonic crystal resonators, have been exported to metallo-dielectric structures [6][7][8].In this paper we theoretically and experimentally analyze a simple one-dimensional metallo-dielectric photonic slab structure, where two key features of photonic crystals -band gap and defect modes -clearly appear. The defect mode is a high Q-factor resonance, whose linewidth and angular acceptance can be tuned at will within wide ranges. The observed phenomenology is general and can be extrapolated to devices working in different wavelength ranges [9,10]; furthermore, small modifications to the studied prototypical passive component could directly lead to operating devices for the infrared * simone.zanotto@sns.it spectral range. Thanks to the anticipated resonance tunability, metallo-dielectric photonic crystal defects can be very useful for the development of guided-mode resonance filters (GMRF) [11,12] and ...

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Optical critical coupling into highly confining metal-insulator-metal resonators

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

Mid-infrared intersubband polaritons in dispersive metal-insulator-metal resonators

Photonic bands and defect modes in metallo-dielectric photonic crystal slabs

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Optical critical coupling into highly confining metal-insulator-metal resonators

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

III-V on CaF2: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

III-V on CaF2: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

Mid-infrared intersubband polaritons in dispersive metal-insulator-metal resonators

Photonic bands and defect modes in metallo-dielectric photonic crystal slabs

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Product

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III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices

III-V on CaF₂: a possible waveguiding platform for mid-IR photonic devices