Optical Measurements: Polarization and Coherence of Light Fields

Abstract

Important part of this review is devoted to description of feasibilities for experimental measuring of coherence by measuring of spatial polarization distributions of www.intechopen.com Modern Metrology Concerns 264 inhomogeneously polarized fields. We represent the newest metrological tool connected with novel concept of optical currents (optical flows). Namely, we show that some intimate characteristics of complex optical fields with arbitrary degree of spatial coherence and arbitrary degree of polarization may be "deciphered" indirectly, by observation of the influence of such fields on embedded micto-and nanoparticles. This original metrological approach seems to be prospective for development of so-called optical traps and tweezers for manipulation of isolated particles of micro-and nanoscales. Separate section of the Chapter is devoted to application of local Stokes-polarimetry in diagnostics of biological tissues, in the context of early (pre-clinical) diagnostics of some widespread diseases. We represent both experimental and data processing techniques leading to high-sensitive and reliable diagnostics. All considered metrological approaches and techniques are original, generated by recently by the members of our team. Some prospects of further investigations in the direction represented in this Chapter, as well as necessity and possible ways for overcoming some present shortcomings of optical metrology in the field of coherence and polarization, are outlined in the last section.

3D polarization-interference holographic histology for wavelet-based differentiation of the polycrystalline component of biological tissues with different necrotic states. Forensic applications

“…We briefly consider (without reducing the completeness of the analysis) within the framework of the linear birefringence LB approximation, 6 , 19 – 25 , 50 – 52 the main theoretical provisions of our work.…”

“…The value of the integral degree of depolarization (Δ,%) of the biological tissues samples was measured in the scheme of a standard Mueller-matrix polarimeter 5 , 22 – 25 , 50 – 52 …”

“…The obtained quantitative criteria for changes in the structure of MMI are not directly related to different geometric scales of optically anisotropic architectonics of biological tissue 6 – 17 , 25 – 31 , 50 – 52 This circumstance limits the functionality of the MMM. A number of publications have shown that pathological changes in biological tissues manifest themselves differently at different scales of the polycrystalline structure 5 , 22 , 23 , 32 …”

Influence of components of optical momentum and spin of evanescent waves on micro- and nanoobjects (Review)

“…Механічні властивості світла знаходять широке застосування в прикладних сферах, таких, як оптичне захоплення та маніпулювання мікро-та наночастинками, сортування, деформування біологічних клітин та молекул [4]. Принцип дії сучасних оптичних пінцетів базується на використанні складного просторово-неоднорідного розподілу інтенсивності, поляризації та фази [4,[14][15][16]. Відновлення, зокрема фазового розподілу оптичного поля є доволі складною задачею, що вирішується підходами сингулярної оптики [5][6][7].…”

Method of Spectral-Selective Laser Polarimetry Autofluorescence of Endogenous Porphyrins in the Postmortem Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Ischemia

“…автофлуоресценции I в плоскости светочувствительной площадки CCD. После чего проводили статистический анализ распределений интенсивности автофлуоресцентного изображения [3]. Размер репрезентативной выборки проверялся методом перекрестной проверки.…”