Optical Memory, Switching, and Neuromorphic Functionality in Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Devices

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite based materials have emerged over the past few decades as remarkable solution‐processable optoelectronic materials with many intriguing properties and potential applications. These emerging materials have recently been considered for their promise in low‐energy memory and information processing applications. In particular, their large optical cross‐sections, high photoconductance contrast, large carrier‐diffusion lengths, and mixed electronic/ionic transport mechanisms are attractive for enabling memory elements and neuromorphic devices that are written and/or read in the optical domain. Here, recent progress toward memory and neuromorphic functionality in metal halide perovskite materials and devices where photons are used as a critical degree of freedom for switching, memory, and neuromorphic functionality is reviewed.

Ultralow-power consumption photonic synapse transistors based on organic array films fabricated using a particular prepatterned-guided crystallizing strategy

“…[7][8][9] The artificial neural network (ANN) developed based on such artificial synapses efficiently performs parallel data real-time computing, which is expected to break the von Neumann computation bottleneck. [10][11][12][13] The optical signal used as an additional term of the photonic synaptic transistor, have many advantages including high bandwidth, contactless transmission, ultra-fast response, low power consumption and so on. 12,14 It gives artificial photonic synapses potential applications in wireless human-computer interaction and nextgeneration multifunctional sensors.…”

Highly uniform photonic synapse arrays based on TIPS-pentacene nanowires/CsPbBr3 heterojunctions

“…However, traditional computing systems based on the separation of computing and storage units in the von Neumann architecture generate a large amount of redundant data and occupy a huge storage space when used to construct visual systems, which cannot meet practical application requirements. 7,8…”

Leveraging Low-Energy Structural Thermodynamics in Halide Perovskites

“…Our analysis illuminates just how unique MHP structural properties are across materials science. Instead of the stabilization-centric narrative driven by PV literature, we highlight MHPs as switchable and stimuliresponsive semiconductors 29 that enable new applications spanning switchable PV smart windows, 21,30 electronic ratchets, 24 solid-state electrolytes, 20 light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), 25 and next-generation memory or neuromorphic computing elements 27,31,32 (Figure 1). Formation Energy of MHPs.…”

“…53 MHPs also exhibit two polymorphs near standard conditions with a significant change in bonding environment (3D ↔ 1D) resulting in large differences in optoelectronic properties: a 3D black cubic phase (α, E G = 1.45−1.75 eV) and a 1D pale-yellow orthorhombic (Cs-based) or hexagonal (FA-based) phase (δ, E G = 2.40−2.85 eV) (Figure 3a). A comprehensive discussion on the many reversible MHP transformations can be found in ref 31.…”

“…Here, we begin with the fundamental properties of MHP materials that underpin stability by comparing the formation energy, lattice energy, and ionic transport of MHP materials to other technologically relevant semiconductors before turning to novel applications that exploit MHP instabilities. Our analysis illuminates just how unique MHP structural properties are across materials science. Instead of the stabilization-centric narrative driven by PV literature, we highlight MHPs as switchable and stimuli-responsive semiconductors that enable new applications spanning switchable PV smart windows, , electronic ratchets, solid-state electrolytes, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), and next-generation memory or neuromorphic computing elements ,, (Figure ).…”