Optical polarization shift in beams emitted by quantum cascade lasers

Pruszyńska-Karbownik, Emilia; Gutowski, Piotr; Karbownik, Piotr

doi:10.1007/s11082-019-2043-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…12,31,89 With the introduction of new IR instruments capable of spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit these structures could now be analyzed with p-IR, although, the high-brightness light sources utilized in these instruments such as QCLs are inherently polarized. 103,225 This presents some minor challenges for p-IR measurements; however, it has already been shown that it is possible to perform these measurements on instruments with QCLs. 74 Furthermore, the advent of the mIRage (Photothermal Spectroscopy Corp.) instrument enables the possibility of concurrent p-IR and polarized Raman imaging at submicron spatial resolutions, producing complementary orientational maps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearly Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Biological Materials

Gassner

Vongsvivut

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The analysis of biological samples with polarized infrared spectroscopy (p-IR) has long been a widely practiced method for the determination of sample orientation and structural properties. In contrast to earlier works, which employed this method to investigate the fundamental chemistry of biological systems, recent interests are moving toward “real-world” applications for the evaluation and diagnosis of pathological states. This focal point review provides an up-to-date synopsis of the knowledge of biological materials garnered through linearly p-IR on biomolecules, cells, and tissues. An overview of the theory with special consideration to biological samples is provided. Different modalities which can be employed along with their capabilities and limitations are outlined. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion of factors regarding sample preparation, sample properties, and instrumentation, which can affect p-IR analysis is provided. Additionally, attention is drawn to the potential impacts of analysis of biological samples with inherently polarized light sources, such as synchrotron light and quantum cascade lasers. The vast applications of p-IR for the determination of the structure and orientation of biological samples are given. In conclusion, with considerations to emerging instrumentation, findings by other techniques, and the shift of focus toward clinical applications, we speculate on the future directions of this methodology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linearly Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Biological Materials

Gassner

Vongsvivut

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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“…Its advantage comes from the many dimensions achievable by Hermite Gaussian (HG) and Laguerre (LG) modes [5]. Deterministic quantum gates also exploited the two-dimensional spatial-parity symmetry [6] of the transverse [7] single-photon field. Significant achievements raised with: temporal [8] modes and time-parity [9]; implementations coexisting [2] with traditional fibers; or orbital angular momentum (OAM) [10][5] [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Spin, Paths, Temporal, and Spatial Modes

Martinez

Nieminsky²

2021

Preprint

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Research on optical modes, such as orbital, temporal, or parity, bring much attention, for these new degrees of freedom allow larger quantum communication alphabets. Each lab usually adapts the Bloch or Poincare sphere to their experiment or light mode. This takes an extra effort and time and produces a plethora of spheres and notations. Yet, we miss a common framework or convention valid among diverse physical-modes. We aim to unite in one representation the best points from many different spheres. Such common-sphere could also help to compare distant experiments, for an intuitive understanding of quantum optical states. We built a common representation by mathematically aligning the Hilbert space and a three dimensional color space. We define a unique color for each one of the three Poincare axes and positive Pauli vectors. Beyond three primary colors and states, our equations associate each Hilbert state to a specific tonality, among the infinite combinations in Color space. These maths achieve a new ability to unequivocally represent any quantum state by its precise combination of colors. Thus, with these equations, quantum states ‘yellow’ or ‘magenta’ are not mere names, rather each one denotes an exact superposition in Hilbert space. To handle disparities between SO3 vs. SU2 space operations, we propose a darkness bit and a Hermite-inspired shape. A simulation of HG modes let us align distinct shapes to quantum optical states. Three examples of applications show our color sphere in practice. First, we apply the Hilbert-Color mapping in Polarization. Then, the same color-space is shown in Orbital Angular Momentum. We also represent location paths in this color-mapping. The simulations and practical comparisons let us refine the proposed color sphere convention. For higher-order and path-to-industry, any sphere section serves as color constellation diagram. One color-space sphere served as common ground to represent coexisting concepts among diverse physical areas. The introduced change diagrams are visual tools to communicate setups and operators. The examples showed a unique notation matches many physical processes. The resulting diagram of superposition of spatially separated optical paths is coherent with a Plate on Polarization or cylinder lens on OAM Hermite Gaussian modes. A unique change diagram describes the three examples. The meaning persist despite the physical implementation. Found also how this color space let us grasp visually some meaning. Thus, the amount of blue in a state representation indicated the degree of its phase shift. Overall, we presented math and visual tools to display and compare experiments. We showed examples in different physical modes, all linked to a unique color sphere.

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