Optical properties and orientation in polyethylene blown films

ABSTRACT:The optimization of three-layer films (PE/ binder/PA) manufactured by extrusion blow molding presents significant industrial challenges. The main issue consists in combining use properties (e.g., impermeability to water steam and oxygen, welding properties) with high mechanical, optical, and adhesion performances, while maintaining cost-effectiveness. This article shows that the introduction of EVA in the PE layer improves the heat sealing ability and optical properties without degradation of the mechanical and adhesion performances. In the most favorable case, this modification leads to a 40% reduction of the heat sealing time, the other performances remaining either identical or higher. This leads to cost reduction of this manufacturing step while improving the flexibility of the process (wider process temperature window). The properties modifications observed can be explained by microstructure modifications (crystallinity, orientation, and molecular mobility).

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“…10 [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.] a Perkin-Elmer 1720X equipment.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of PE/Binder/PA extrusion blow‐molded films. I. Heat sealing ability improvement using PE/EVA blends

Poisson¹,

Hervais²,

Lacrampe³

et al. 2005

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The blown film extrusion process is one of the conformation methods where this orientation is more pronounced. The variation of the take-up (TUR) and blow-up (BUR) ratios, coupled with a high cooling rate leads to obtaining biaxial oriented films [4][5][6][7] . Therefore, the development of more efficient packaging depends on the understanding of the processes and materials used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scattering of visible light can occur due to the presence of superficial or internal crystalline structures, and its extent depends on the size of such structures: if they are in a similar range to that of the light wavelength (between 400 and 700 nm), the phenomena of diffuse reflection, refraction and scattering occur considerably, resulting in increased turbidity 7,15,16 . In this work blown films of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites were produced at different processing conditions, with the addition of montmorillonite, pure and surface modified by an organic salt.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical Properties of Blown Films of PA6/MMT Nanocomposites

Marini

Bretas

2017

Mat. Res.

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In this work blown films of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites were produced at different processing conditions, with the addition of montmorillonite (MMT), pure and surface modified by an organic salt. The films' optical properties were evaluated according to ASTM D-1003 and the results correlated with the degree of crystallinity, nanoparticle's dispersion state and processing conditions. It was observed that the thinner the film, the lower the haze and higher the clarity, due to the presence of less internal scattering structures in the direction of the incident light. The PA6 films with the unmodified MMT had the lowest clarity values, due to nanoparticles' agglomeration. The organic modification of the montmorillonite led to its exfoliating through the PA6 matrix, resulting in an optimization of the films' optical properties (decreased haze and increased clarity) when compared to the pure PA6 films.

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“…Quantitative data on the orientation of these structural units in the nanocomposite film were determined through calculations of the major axis direction cosines and through a ternary, direction cosine plot called a 'Wilchinsky triangle', 56 previously proposed in lamellar orientation studies. 57 It allows a direct comparison of average preferred orientations for different structural features. In this way it is conceptually more useful than stereographic projections involving orientation density maps for a single WAXD reflection.…”

Section: Alignment Of Silicate Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: An overview from science to technology

Okamoto¹

2006

Materials Science and Technology

140

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Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNCs) offer remarkably improved mechanical and other properties with low inorganic filler loading. The major development in this field has been carried out over the last one and a half decades. However, the authors are far from the goal in terms of understanding the mechanisms of the enhancement effect in the nanocomposites. Continued progress in nanoscale controlling and an improved understanding of the physicochemical phenomena at the nanometre scale have contributed to the rapid development of novel PLSNCs. The present paper describes recent advances in PLSNCs with the primary focus on these advances from basic science to technology.Keywords: Nanocomposite, Layered silicate Introduction A decade of research has shown that nanostructured materials have the potential to significantly impact growth at every level of the world economy in the twenty-first century. This new class of materials is now being introduced in structural applications, such as gas barrier film, flame retardant product and other load bearing applications (see Table 1). 1Of particular interest is recently developed nanocomposites consisting of a polymer and layered silicate (LS), because they often exhibit remarkably improved mechanical and other properties 2 when compared with pure polymer or conventional composites (both micro and macrocomposites). A primary progress in polymer/ layered silicate nanocomposites (PLSNCs), a nylon 6/LS hybrid 3 reported by Toyota Central Research & Development Co. Inc. (TCRD), was successfully prepared by in situ polymerisation of e-caprolactam in a dispersion of montomorrillonite (MMT). The silicate can be dispersed in liquid monomer or a solution of monomer. It has also been possible to melt and mix polymers with layered silicates, avoiding the use of organic solvents. The latter method permits the use of conventional processing techniques such as injection moulding and extrusion.Continued progress in nanoscale controlling and an improved understanding of the physicochemical phenomena at the nanometre scale have contributed to the rapid development of novel PLSNCs. The present paper describes current research on PLSNCs with the primary focus on recent advances from basic science to technology. Historical point of viewEarlier attempts of preparing polymer/LS composites are found in almost half a century old patent literatures. 4,5 In such cases, incorporation of 40-50 wt-% clay mineral (bentonite, hectorite, etc.) into a polymer was attempted but ended up with unsatisfactory results: the maximal modulus enhancement was only y200%, although the clay loading was as much as 50 wt-%. The failure was obvious, because they failed to achieve good dispersion of clay particles in the matrix, in which silicate minerals existed as agglomerated tactoids. Such a poor dispersion of the silicate particles could improve the material rigidity, but certainly sacrificing the strength, the elongation at break and the toughness of the materials. 4,5 A major reason for this impossibil...

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Optical properties and orientation in polyethylene blown films

Cited by 41 publications

References 26 publications

Optimization of PE/Binder/PA extrusion blow‐molded films. I. Heat sealing ability improvement using PE/EVA blends

Optimization of PE/Binder/PA extrusion blow‐molded films. I. Heat sealing ability improvement using PE/EVA blends

Optical Properties of Blown Films of PA6/MMT Nanocomposites

Recent advances in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: An overview from science to technology

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