Optical system design and integration of the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation Lidar

Wake, S.; Ramos-Izquierdo, Luis; Eegholm, Bente; Dogoda, Peter; Denny, Zachary; Hersh, Michael J.; Mulloney, Michael M.; Thomes, W. J.; Ott, Melanie N.; Jakeman, Hali; Poulios, Demetrios; Mule, Peter; Leon, Erich de; Blair, J. B.

doi:10.1117/12.2530653

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…al. [8] support this notion and the lasers were all performing perfectly. For greater detail into the GEDI instrument hardware, capabilities, measurement techniques, and operations, please refer to the extensive list of publications at the end of this document.…”

Section: Gedi Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The DOE splits Laser 1 into two equal beams prior to its BDU input, inducing a separation angle of ~2o . [7,8] This provides more global surface coverage of sparser regions of the Earth, where full power pulses are not needed to fully penetrate the dense tree canopies of equatorial rain forests.…”

Section: Gedi Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final optic seen in each output port is the output lens of the 11X transmitter beam expander.GEDI's impressive transmit and receive optical system is presented in great detail in Wake, S. et. al [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Mission status, on-orbit performance, and lessons learned of the global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) lidar laser transmitters

Coyle,

Stysley,

Poulios

et al. 2024

Solid State Lasers XXXIII: Technology and Devices

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The Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Lidar, is a global 3-dimensional biomass lidar instrument aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). Its core mission is to measure the global carbon balance of Earth's forests with 3 laser transmitters using multi-beam waveform-capture methods. GEDI's laser transmitter concept was originally funded by NASA Goddard's Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) for future Earth Altimetry and Lidar missions ~ 20 years ago, and after a winding story of stops and starts, the first flightready transmitter was a 10 mJ-class system for GEDI's ISS-based specifications. Furthermore, no adjustment in drive parameters has been required nor significant decay detected after 4 years of near continuous operation of 3 on-board lasers, designed for a 2-year mission. We present an overview of the GEDI laser development process, report on their mission performance, the major lessons learned, and some critical insight into our in-house flight quality development process that enabled their delivery within budget, schedule, and low risk extended mission life capability.

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Section: Gedi Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Gedi Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mission status, on-orbit performance, and lessons learned of the global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) lidar laser transmitters

Coyle,

Stysley,

Poulios

et al. 2024

Solid State Lasers XXXIII: Technology and Devices

Self Cite

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“…In 2018, NASA embarked on a groundbreaking endeavor by launching two laser altimeter missions: ICESat-2 (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2) and GEDI (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation) [22]. GEDI, a cutting-edge multibeam waveform lidar, is tasked with measuring the global tree height and canopy density through its unique eight laser beam ground trajectories [23]. The system is the world's first spaceborne lidar altimeter system for high-resolution measurement of three-dimensional vertical structure and topography of tropical and temperate forest vegetation [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICESat-2 and GEDI have unique advantages and represent the most advanced level of the space-borne laser altimeter. They have significantly expanded our capabilities in understanding and studying forest biomass, carbon, and water cycles and have opened new avenues for biodiversity conservation [23,27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Canopy Height Retrieval and Analysis Using Random Forest Model with Multi-Source Remote Sensing Integration

Zhu,

Li,

Luan

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Forest canopy height is an important indicator of the forest ecosystem, and an accurate assessment of forest canopy height on a large scale is of great significance for forest resource quantification and carbon sequestration. The retrieval of canopy height based on remote sensing provides a possibility for studying forest ecosystems. This study proposes a new method for estimating forest canopy height based on remote sensing. In this method, the GEDI satellite and ICESat-2 satellite, which are different types of space-borne lidar products, are used to cooperate with the Landsat 9 image and SRTM terrain data, respectively. Two forest canopy height-retrieval models based on multi-source remote sensing integration are obtained using a random forest regression (RFR) algorithm. The study, conducted at a forest site in the northeastern United States, synthesized various remote sensing data sets to produce a robust canopy height model. First, we extracted relative canopy height products, multispectral features, and topographic data from GEDI, ICESat-2, Landsat 9, and SRTM images, respectively. The importance of each variable was assessed, and the random forest algorithm was used to analyze each variable statistically. Then, the random forest regression algorithm was used to combine these variables and construct the forest canopy height model. Validation with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data shows that the GEDI and ICESat-2 models using a single data source achieve better accuracy than the Landsat 9 model. Notably, the combination of GEDI, Landsat 9, and SRTM data (R = 0.92, MAE = 1.91 m, RMSE = 2.78 m, and rRMSE = 12.64%) and a combination of ICESat-2, Landsat 9, and SRTM data (R = 0.89, MAE = 1.84 m, RMSE = 2.54 m, and rRMSE = 10.75%). Compared with the least accurate Landsat 9 model, R increased by 29.58%, 93.48%, MAE by 44.64%, 46.20%, RMSE by 42.80%, 49.40%, and the rRMSE was increased by 42.86% and 49.32%, respectively. These results fully evaluate and discuss the practical performance and benefits of multi-source data retrieval of forest canopy height by combining space-borne lidar data with Landsat 9 data, which is of great significance for understanding forest structure and dynamics. The study provides a reliable methodology for estimating forest canopy height and valuable insights into forest resource management and its contribution to global climate change.

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Static Beam Steering by Applying Metasurfaces on Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

Chen

Chang

Hong

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Optical system design and integration of the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation Lidar

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Mission status, on-orbit performance, and lessons learned of the global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) lidar laser transmitters

Mission status, on-orbit performance, and lessons learned of the global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) lidar laser transmitters

Forest Canopy Height Retrieval and Analysis Using Random Forest Model with Multi-Source Remote Sensing Integration

Static Beam Steering by Applying Metasurfaces on Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

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