Optical Technologies for the Improvement of Skin Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

Rey-Barroso, Laura; Peña-Gutiérrez, Sara; Yáñez, Carlos; Burgos-Fernández, Francisco J.; Vilaseca, Meritxell; Royo, Santiago

doi:10.3390/s21010252

Cited by 71 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Melanoma originates from the cells responsible for pigment production (melanocytes) and is the most aggressive of all forms, being likely to grow and spread if left untreated. Therefore, it is vital to diagnose this disease early and start treatment right away [113]. PDT is considered an alternative treatment for melanoma.…”

Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, non-melanoma skin cancers are most commonly found in the areas exposed to the sun [113]. BCC starts from the lower layer of the epidermis (made of basal cells) and tends to grow slowly, with only low metastatic potential [112].…”

Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, SCCs are more likely to extend towards deeper layers of the skin and invade other parts of the body, even though this is rather uncommon. Nonetheless, to avoid spreading to surrounding areas and create multicentric, synchronic, and metachronic lesions, these cancers should not be left untreated [112][113][114][115]. In this respect, PDT has been proved to produce the most appropriate cosmetic and functional results [112].…”

Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

2021

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The healing power of light has attracted interest for thousands of years. Scientific discoveries and technological advancements in the field have eventually led to the emergence of photodynamic therapy, which soon became a promising approach in treating a broad range of diseases. Based on the interaction between light, molecular oxygen, and various photosensitizers, photodynamic therapy represents a non-invasive, non-toxic, repeatable procedure for tumor treatment, wound healing, and pathogens inactivation. However, classic photosensitizing compounds impose limitations on their clinical applications. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology came as a solution for improving targeting efficiency, release control, and solubility of traditional photosensitizers. This paper proposes a comprehensive path, starting with the photodynamic therapy mechanism, evolution over the years, integration of nanotechnology, and ending with a detailed review of the most important applications of this therapeutic approach.

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Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Malignant Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

2021

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“…The fluorescent label is the nanoparticles attached to the receptor directed against a biomarker to a specific analyte. [273] Lining et al reported detecting mercury ion (II) using electrospun nanofibers based fluorescent membrane.…”

Section: Fluorescent Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofibers: Materials, Synthesis Parameters, and Their Role in Sensing Applications

Kailasa

Reddy

Maurya

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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Since the last decade, electrospinning is garnering more attention in the scientific research community, industries, applications like sensing (glucose, H 2 O 2 , dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, neurotransmitter, etc.), biomedical applications (wound dressing, wound healing, skin, nerve, bone tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems), water treatment, energy harvesting, and storage applications. This review paper provides a brief overview of the electrospinning method, history of the electrospinning, factors affecting the electrospun nanofibers, and their morphology with different materials and composites (metals, metal oxides, 2D material, polymers and copolymers, carbon-based materials, etc.) used in the electrospinning technique with optical spinning parameters. Moreover, this paper deliberates the application of electrospun nanofibers and fibrous mats for sensing (electrochemical, optical, fluorescence, colorimetric, mechanical, photoelectric, mass sensitive change, resistive, ultrasensitive, etc.) in most illustrative representations. In the end, the challenges, opportunities of the electrospun nanofibers, and new direction for future progress are also discussed.

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“…A number of optical methods have been developed for noninvasive in vivo skin diagnostics, including confocal microcopy, fluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography. 3 Recently, skin imaging by smartphones under white broadband illumination exploiting the embedded LEDs or ambient light was proposed as a diagnostic modality. 4 – 8 There are smartphone apps that use the ABCDE criteria, 9 commonly exploited by dermatologists, for analysis of the taken color images of skin neoplasms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin chromophore mapping by smartphone RGB camera under spectral band and spectral line illumination

et al. 2022

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. Significance: Multispectral imaging enables mapping of chromophore content changes in skin neoplasms, which helps to diagnose a pathology. Different types of light sources can be used for the imaging. Design of laser-based illuminators is more complicated and, consequently, they are more expensive than LED-based illuminators. On the other hand, spectral line illumination has the advantage of less complicated calculations, since only the discrete maximum wavelengths need to be considered. Spectral band and spectral line approaches for multispectral skin diagnostics have not been compared so far. This can help to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of both approaches. Aim: To compare two specific illumination modalities—spectral band and spectral line illumination—from the point of performance for mapping of in vivo skin chromophores. Approach: Three spectral images of the same skin malformations were captured by a smartphone RGB camera with two different add-on illuminators comprising LED emitters and laser emitters, respectively. Five types of benign skin neoplasms were included in our study. Concentrations of skin melanin, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin at image pixel groups were calculated using the Beer–Lambert law. Results: Skin chromophore maps and statistical analysis of mean concentrations’ changes in the neoplasms compared to the surrounding skin are presented and discussed. The data of the laser emitters led to significantly higher ( times) increase of the oxy-hemoglobin values in vascular neoplasms and much lower deoxy-hemoglobin values, if compared to the data obtained by the LED emitters. Conclusions: Analysis of the obtained chromophore distribution maps and concentration variations in neoplasms led to conclusion that the spectral line illumination approach is more appropriate for this application. Considering only the peak wavelengths of illumination spectral bands leads to essentially different results if compared to those obtained by spectral line illumination and may cause misinterpretations in the clinical assessment of skin neoplasms.

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Optical Technologies for the Improvement of Skin Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

Cited by 71 publications

References 134 publications

Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

Photodynamic Therapy—An Up-to-Date Review

Electrospun Nanofibers: Materials, Synthesis Parameters, and Their Role in Sensing Applications

Skin chromophore mapping by smartphone RGB camera under spectral band and spectral line illumination

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