Optical Tomography System Using Charge-Coupled Device for Transparent Object Detection

Jamaludin, Juliza; Rahim, Ruzairi Abdul; Rahiman, Mohd Hafiz Fazalul; Wahab, Yasmin Abdul; Rohani, Jemmy Mohd; Naeem, Bushra; Sahrim, Musab; Ismail, Wan Abdul Fattah Wan; Ismail, Ishak; Balakrishnan, Sharma Rao

doi:10.30880/ijie.2018.10.04.017

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows a graph of laser intensity which is inversely proportional to the CCD voltage output with a -2.78 gradient. The amount of photon charges detected by the CCD sensor is converted into electrical voltage value in proportion to the light intensity [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reflection and refraction losses in light intensity must also be considered during the experiments. After eliminating the aforementioned optical losses [34] [35] [19], the mathematical Eq. ( 2) and ( 3) [17] will be utilised to calculate light intensity, where n is the refraction index.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The theoretical value of the CCD's light intensity when the laser transmits its light source from air to a ruby stone with a refractive index of 1.762 is shown in Table 2. The CCD voltage output will increase when the laser light absorption and reflectance procedure is repeated [34]. The data in this research will be analysed using an engineering statistical analysis tool.…”

Section: V= -278i + 43 (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

Rahalim

Jamaludin

Raisin

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Several gemmology technologies, including loupes, microscopes, and dichroscopes, are currently utilised to assist gemstone traders in evaluating rubies. These tools, on the other hand, rely heavily on human vision for pictorial assessment. There are no standardized tools for determining ruby stone grading, other from those that rely on human vision, which can lead to errors. Gemmologists, stakeholders in the precious stone and manufacturing industries, as well as dental applications, would benefit from a standardized quantitative grading valuation of ruby stones. Extensive research is required to analyse the light characteristics of rubies. This paper presents a potential research overview of the Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor to inspect the grading value of ruby stone based on its light characteristic. This research delves deeper into the relevant light properties of rubies for grading purposes. Numerous types of gemmological instruments are used for grading and appraising rubies, as well as their applications, are discussed in this paper. A standardized approach for quantitative grading valuation of ruby stones utilising a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor is offered due to the limits of current techniques and the strong demand for superior quality in the high-valued stone sectors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: V= -278i + 43 (4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

Rahalim

Jamaludin

Raisin

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Since the CCD linear sensor is a sensor that is very sensitive to light [15,16,17,18], this sensor is the most suitable sensor to analyze the light distribution in the ruby. CCD linear sensor is best combined with the laser because it provides exact accuracy, high sensitivity and reading distance stability [13,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Grading Technique for Ruby Gemstone Using Charge-Coupled Device (Ccd)

Rahalim

Jamaludin²,

Raisin³

2023

AEJ

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Ruby is one of the most popular and high-value gemstones that always attract the gemologist and jeweler in the diamond market. The wide use of ruby in various industries makes the grading of this gems more complicated due to a lot of synthetic and imitation rubies are made. The current grading techniques are mostly depending on the human visual assessment which prone to errors. This paper proposes a system that helps in grading the clarity characteristic of the ruby in non-invasive manner. The system includes a charge-coupled devices (CCD) and laser that is designed in the most suitable and effective way to conduct inspection on the light intensity of the ruby which will then determine the clarity of the ruby. CCD linear sensor is widely known as the reliable sensor especially when use in the optical system. The CCD linear sensor capture the light intensity from the ruby and convert it into the voltage value. The result shows a value of 1.7918 V obtained from the CCD linear sensor when ruby is placed in the system. This concludes that the CCD system can detect even slightest changes in the light intensity that can pass through the ruby and falls on the CCD linear sensor. The system is proven to be a reliable and effective system with 80% accuracy.

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“…The mechanism uses lasers in different wavelength bands as light sources to evaluate the imaging characteristics and the advantages of different wavelength bands. There are also several studies [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] that focus on improvements to OPT systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Projection Tomography Using a Commercial Microfluidic System

Fei

Liu

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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Optical projection tomography (OPT) is the direct optical equivalent of X-ray computed tomography (CT). To obtain a larger depth of field, traditional OPT usually decreases the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens to decrease the resolution of the image. So, there is a trade-off between sample size and resolution. Commercial microfluidic systems can observe a sample in flow mode. In this paper, an OPT instrument is constructed to observe samples. The OPT instrument is combined with commercial microfluidic systems to obtain a three-dimensional and time (3D + T)/four-dimensional (4D) video of the sample. “Focal plane scanning” is also used to increase the images’ depth of field. A series of two-dimensional (2D) images in different focal planes was observed and compared with images simulated using our program. Our work dynamically monitors 3D OPT images. Commercial microfluidic systems simulate blood flow, which has potential application in blood monitoring and intelligent drug delivery platforms. We design an OPT adaptor to perform OPT on a commercial wide-field inverted microscope (Olympusix81). Images in different focal planes are observed and analyzed. Using a commercial microfluidic system, a video is also acquired to record motion pictures of samples at different flow rates. To our knowledge, this is the first time an OPT setup has been combined with a microfluidic system.

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Optical Tomography System Using Charge-Coupled Device for Transparent Object Detection

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

Ruby Stone Light Grade Inspection System Using CCD Linear Sensor – A Review

Non-Invasive Grading Technique for Ruby Gemstone Using Charge-Coupled Device (Ccd)

Optical Projection Tomography Using a Commercial Microfluidic System

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