Optimal Delivery Management for the Prevention of Early Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: Review how specific delivery management interventions (DMI) are associated with early neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (ENI) and neonatal death <28 days of life (ND). Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient-specific data from articles published 1 January 2020 - 31 December 2021 from Cochrane review databases, Medline and Google Scholar. Setting: International publications specifying DMI, ENI, and ND.​​ Patients: ​Pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their​ infants Main outcome measures: Article inclusion criteria: 1) mothers with SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive status within 10 days before delivery or symptomatic at delivery with a positive test within 48 hours after delivery, 2) delivery method described, 3) infant SARS-CoV-2 PCR result reported. Primary outcomes were 1) ENI confirmed by positive neonatal PCR and 2) ND. Results: Among 11,075 screened publications, 117 publications containing data for 244 infants and 230 mothers were included. Maternal and infant characteristics were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird inverse variance method. Primary outcome analyses were completed using logit transformation and random effect. Heterogeneity of included studies was evaluated with I2 ​statistics.​ No routine care was described so comparison of DMI combinations to routine care was not possible. Sample size for each combination was too small to conduct any valid comparison of different DMI combinations. Conclusion: Support for specific DMI in SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers is lacking. This review highlights the need for rigorous and multinational studies on the guidelines best suited to prevent transmission from mother to neonate.