Optimal energy dispatch in a smart micro-grid system using economic model predictive control

Abstract

The problem of energy dispatch in heterogeneous complex systems such as smart grids cannot be efficiently addressed using classical control or ad hoc methods. This article discusses the application of economic model predictive control to the management of a smart micro-grid system connected to an electrical power grid. The considered system is composed of several subsystems, namely, some photovoltaic panels, a wind generator, a hydroelectric generator, a diesel generator, and some storage devices (batteries). The batteries are charged with the energy from the photovoltaic panels, wind and hydroelectric generators, and they are discharged whenever the generators produce less energy than needed. The subsystems are interconnected via a DC Bus, from which load demands are satisfied. Modeling smart grids components is based on the generalized flow-based networked systems paradigm, and assuming energy generators to be stable, load demands and energy prices are known. This study shows that economic model predictive control is economically superior to a two-layer hierarchical model predictive control.

Modelling and control of multi-energy systems through Multi-Prosumer Node and Economic Model Predictive Control

“…Some papers deal with physical representation as state-space in order to control the system with an optimisation [21]. Two main energy state-space model concepts have been identified in literature for the energy systems control, namely the Prosumer Node (PN) [4,22,23] and the Energy Hub (EH) [14,6,21,24,25].…”

“…Prosumer node is an energy system concept where producer and consumer are linked to each other within a node. Prosumer node control can be seen in [4,5,22,23]. The aim is to minimise the operation cost whilst maximising self-consumption and selling excess of energy from a micro-grid.…”

“…The aim is to minimise the operation cost whilst maximising self-consumption and selling excess of energy from a micro-grid. Moreover, statespace model and power balance of the prosumer node are visible in [4,22,23]. The main advantages of the prosumer node should be mentioned as state-space model, power balance, and performing optimisation process in order to complete economic optimisation.…”

“…The main advantages of the prosumer node should be mentioned as state-space model, power balance, and performing optimisation process in order to complete economic optimisation. In addition, disturbances can be taken into account, and bidirectional electric power flow is modelled in prosumer node strategy [4,22,23]. However, some drawbacks still remain because prosumer node deals only with electricity vector [4,5,22,23].…”

“…In addition, disturbances can be taken into account, and bidirectional electric power flow is modelled in prosumer node strategy [4,22,23]. However, some drawbacks still remain because prosumer node deals only with electricity vector [4,5,22,23]. By the authors' best knowledge,there are few papers which deal with prosumer node concept and MES [28], likewise, a state-space model and power balance which can be taken into consideration by the optimisation problem is still not displayed.…”