Optimal Incentives for Electric Vehicles at e-Park & Ride Hub with Renewable Energy Source

Abstract

As electric vehicles’ penetration increases, more impacts on urban systems are observed and related to both driving (e.g., on traffic congestion and reduced pollution) and charging (e.g., on the electrical grid). Therefore, there is a need to design coupled incentive mechanisms. To propose and numerically evaluate such incentives, a game theory model is adopted. Its originality comes from the coupling between the charging cost and the driving decisions: to drive downtown or to charge at an e-Park & Ride hub with solar panels and then take public transport, in order to reach destination. Optimal ticket fares and solar park’s size are computed using real photovoltaic production data.

Impact of Strategic Electric Vehicles Driving Behavior on the Grid

“…The path capacities are equal to the total number of vehicles: C i = N = 3000 vehicles. The values of the following parameters are the same as in [10]: X e = 50%, τ = 10 e/h, m g = 0.06 L/km, λ g = 1.5 e/L and m e = 0.2 kWh/km. The charging unit price is set to λ e = 20 ce/kWh.…”

“…Compared to this existing work, one of our previous papers [10] considers a coupled transportation and charging setting, with both EV and GV, in which a central operator schedules the load of an EV fleet following a water-filling algorithm introduced in [11]. A typical application is a charging Park & Ride hub which can be equipped with local electricity production like photovoltaic panels.…”