“…While many of the papers in this area consider the problem in a single echelon setting (e.g., Aucamp, 1982;Lee, 1986;Tersine and Barman, 1994;Shinn et al, 1996;Burwell et al, 1997;Hwang et al, 1990;Jaruphongsa et al, 2005;Mendoza and Ventura, 2008;Rieksts and Ventura, 2008;Toptal, 2009), relatively recent papers model and solve the replenishment problems of multiple echelons under transportation considerations (see Hoque and Goyal, 2000;Çetinkaya and Lee, 2002;Chan et al, 2002;Toptal et al, 2003;Toptal and Çetinkaya, 2006;Rieksts and Ventura, 2010).…”