Optimal light intensity for sustainable water and energy use in indoor cultivation of lettuce and basil under red and blue LEDs

Pennisi, Giuseppina; Pistillo, Alessandro; Orsini, Francesco; Cellini, Antonio; Spinelli, Francesco; Senesi, N.; Fernandez, J. A.; Crepaldi, Andrea; Gianquinto, Giorgio; Marcelis, L.F.M.

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109508

Cited by 140 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The effects of high light during growth on plant nutritional quality at harvest have been studied before ( Zhou et al, 2009 ; Locato et al, 2013 ). For instance, lettuce grown under light intensities above 200 μmol m –2 s –1 (red and blue LEDs) showed increased antioxidants capacity and higher phenolic and flavonoids levels at harvest compared to plants grown under light intensities of 100 and 150 μmol m –2 s –1 ( Pennisi et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Light Intensity Applied Shortly Before Harvest Improves Lettuce Nutritional Quality and Extends the Shelf Life

et al. 2021

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The effect of light intensity applied shortly before harvest on the nutritional quality, postharvest performance, and shelf life of loose-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Expertise RZ Salanova®) was investigated. Lettuce was grown either in a greenhouse with supplemental high-pressure sodium light (Experiment 1, EXP 1) or in a climate room under white LED light (Experiment 2, EXP 2). In both experiments full grown plants were transferred to a climate room for the End of Production (EoP) light treatments during the last week of cultivation. During EoP lighting plants were exposed to different intensities (0, 110, and 270 μmol m–2 s–1 in EXP 1; 50, 210, and 470 μmol m–2 s–1 in EXP 2) from white-red LEDs for 6 (EXP 2) or 7 days (EXP 1). Mature leaves were then harvested and stored in darkness at 10°C to study the postharvest performance. Changes in dry matter content, total ascorbic acid, and carbohydrates (including glucose, fructose sucrose, and starch) levels were determined during EoP lighting and during the subsequent shelf life as indicators of lettuce nutritional quality. Quality aspects (appearance, texture, and odor) were accessed during the shelf life as indicators of postharvest performance. In both experiments, high light intensities applied in EoP lighting increased dry matter percentage and contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and carbohydrates at harvest and these increased levels were maintained during the shelf life. Increased light intensity in EoP treatment also extended the shelf life. The levels of AsA and carbohydrates at harvest correlated positively with the subsequent shelf life, indicating that the prolonged shelf life relies on the improved energy and antioxidant status of the crop at harvest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Light Intensity Applied Shortly Before Harvest Improves Lettuce Nutritional Quality and Extends the Shelf Life

et al. 2021

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“…The efficiency of the lighting may also refer to the ratio between plant dry weight and total photon flux incident on the canopy, which is called radiation use efficiency (RUE, g mol –1 ), or the ratio between plant dry weight and total photosynthetic photon flux intercepted by the canopy, which is called intercepted light use efficiency (LUE int , g mol –1 ). RUE is directly connected to the energy use efficiency ( Pennisi et al, 2020 ) and LUE int indicates the efficiency of the plants transforming intercepted photons into biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Far-Red to Red-Blue Light-Emitting Diode Light Promotes Yield of Lettuce at Different Planting Densities

et al. 2021

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The economic viability and energy use of vertical farms strongly depend on the efficiency of the use of light. Increasing far-red radiation (FR, 700–800 nm) relative to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm) may induce shade avoidance responses including stem elongation and leaf expansion, which would benefit light interception, and FR might even be photosynthetically active when used in combination with PAR. The aims of this study are to investigate the interaction between FR and planting density and to quantify the underlying components of the FR effects on growth. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Expertise RZ) was grown in a climate chamber under two FR treatments (0 or 52 μmol m–2 s–1) and three planting densities (23, 37, and 51 plants m–2). PAR of 89% red and 11% blue was kept at 218 μmol m–2 s–1. Adding FR increased plant dry weight after 4 weeks by 46–77% (largest effect at lowest planting density) and leaf area by 58–75% (largest effect at middle planting density). Radiation use efficiency (RUE: plant dry weight per unit of incident radiation, 400–800 nm) increased by 17–42% and incident light use efficiency (LUEinc: plant dry weight per unit of incident PAR, 400–700 nm) increased by 46–77% by adding FR; the largest FR effects were observed at the lowest planting density. Intercepted light use efficiency (LUEint: plant dry weight per unit of intercepted PAR) increased by adding FR (8–23%). Neither specific leaf area nor net leaf photosynthetic rate was influenced by FR. We conclude that supplemental FR increased plant biomass production mainly by faster leaf area expansion, which increased light interception. The effects of FR on plant dry weight are stronger at low than at high planting density. Additionally, an increased LUEint may contribute to the increased biomass production.

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“…Artificial light sources have been developed to replace sunlight to grow plants in controlled environmental production systems, and many studies have been conducted to promote the efficiency of the artificial light source and effectively use it for plant production [2,3]. Concurrently, researchers have also aimed to enhance resource use efficiency, including water use efficiency, in indoor farming for sustainable development [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Quality Affects Water Use of Sweet Basil by Changing Its Stomatal Development

Lim

Kim

2021

Agronomy

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Different light qualities affect plant growth and physiological responses, including stomatal openings. However, most researchers have focused on stomatal responses to red and blue light only, and the direct measurement of evapotranspiration has not been examined. Therefore, we quantified the evapotranspiration of sweet basil under various red (R), green (G), and blue (B) combinations using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and investigated its stomatal responses. Seedlings were subjected to five different spectral treatments for two weeks at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 µmol m−2 s−1. The ratios of the RGB light intensities were as follows: R 100% (R100), R:G = 75:25 (R75G25), R:B = 75:25 (R75B25), R:G:B = 60:20:20 (R60G20B20), and R:G:B = 31:42:27 (R31G42B27). During the experiment, the evapotranspiration of the plants was measured using load cells. Although there were no significant differences in growth parameters among the treatments, the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were higher in plants grown under blue LEDs (R75B25, R60G20B20, and R31G42B27) than in the R100 treatment. The amount of water used was different among the treatments (663.5, 726.5, 728.7, 778.0, and 782.1 mL for the R100, R75G25, R60G20B20, R75B25, and R31G42B27 treatments, respectively). The stomatal density was correlated with the blue light intensity (p = 0.0024) and with the combined intensity of green and blue light (p = 0.0029); therefore, green light was considered to promote the stomatal development of plants together with blue light. Overall, different light qualities affected the water use of plants by regulating stomatal conductance, including changes in stomatal density.

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Optimal light intensity for sustainable water and energy use in indoor cultivation of lettuce and basil under red and blue LEDs

Cited by 140 publications

References 53 publications

High Light Intensity Applied Shortly Before Harvest Improves Lettuce Nutritional Quality and Extends the Shelf Life

High Light Intensity Applied Shortly Before Harvest Improves Lettuce Nutritional Quality and Extends the Shelf Life

Adding Far-Red to Red-Blue Light-Emitting Diode Light Promotes Yield of Lettuce at Different Planting Densities

Light Quality Affects Water Use of Sweet Basil by Changing Its Stomatal Development

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