“…Optimization of power systems encompasses a broad spectrum of problem domains, including optimal power flow [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], LMP-base market calculations [15], [16], [17], transmission switching [18], [19], [20], real-time security-constrained dispatch [21], [22], day-ahead security-constrained unit commitment [23], [24], [25], distribution network configuration [26], [27], capacitor placement [28], [29], [30], expansion planning [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], vulnerability analysis [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], and power system restoration [45], [46] to name a few. Some of these use active power only, while others consider both active and reactive power.…”