“…Apart from the classical and analytical approaches, large numbers of meta-heuristic and heuristic algorithms have been proposed. The heuristic approaches are harmony search algorithm (Maleki et al , 2020), artificial bee colony algorithm (Das et al , 2018; Al-ammar et al , 2020), bacterial forging optimization (Devabalaji and Ravi, 2015), invasive weed optimization algorithm (Prabha and Jayabarathi, 2015), cuckoo search algorithm (Mohamed et al , 2018), symbiotic organism search (The et al , 2020), backtracking search optimization algorithm (El-Fergany, 2015), whale optimization algorithm (Prasasd Reddy et al , 2018), flower pollination algorithm (Sudabattula and Kowsalya, 2016), elephant herd optimization algorithm (Vijay, 2018), krill herd algorithm (Sultana and Roy, 2016) considering the drop in system losses and enhancement in voltage outline across all the buses of the network. Improvements in heuristic approaches have been eliminated by the hybridization of heuristic approaches with analytical approaches.…”