Optimasi Pengembangan Lahan Berbasis Daerah Irigasi  di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Utaminingsih, Widya; Soentoro, Edy Anto; Winskayati, Winskayati; Irianto, Eko Winar

doi:10.31028/ji.v12.i1.11-22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Water is essential for growth and development of rice plants. However, continuous flooding irrigation results in a large amount of unproductive water outflows through evaporation, seepage through bunds, runoff, and deep percolation [4][5][6][7]. This causes loss of nutrients from the field and pollution of groundwater supplies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

et al. 2021

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Rice production in Tanzania, with 67% of its territory considered semi-dry and having average annual rainfall of 300 mm, must be increased to feed an ever-growing population. Water for irrigation and low soil fertility are among the main challenges. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production, replacing continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to assess the impact of different irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer applications on growth, yield, and water productivity of rice, a greenhouse pot experiment with soil from lowland rice ecology was conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during the 2019 cropping season. The experiment was split-plot based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factors comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the subfactor, comparing absolute control (no fertilizer) with 0 (P and K fertilizers), 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg Nha−1. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly improved water productivity by 8.3% over CF (p < 0.05). Water productivity (WP) ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 kg of rice per m3 of water. Average water use ranged from 36 to 82 L per season, and water saving was up to 34.3%. Alternate wetting and drying significantly improved yields (p < 0.05) by 13.3%, and the yield ranged from 21.8 to 118.2 g pot−1. The combination of AWD water management and 60 kg N ha−1 nitrogen fertilization application was found to be the optimal management, however there was no significant difference between 60 and 90 kg N ha−1, in which case 60 kg N ha−1 is recommended because it lowers costs and raises net income. Nitrogen levels significantly affected water productivity, water use, and number of irrigations. Nitrogen levels had significant effect (p < 0.05) on plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, total tillers, number of productive tillers, panicle weight, panicle length, 1000-grain weight, straw yield, grain yield, and grain harvest index. The results showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative wetting and drying irrigation practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

et al. 2021

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“…Water productivity of rice range from 0.1 to 0.14 kg/m 3 and 0.22-0.32 kg/m 3 for other cereals have been recorded, which are even much lower when compared to the global water productivity situation. The practice of continuous flooding is very inefficient, supplying much more water than the plants' actual requirements and also emitting large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions Arif et al 2019, (Hadi, Inubushi, & Yagi, 2010;Utaminingsih, Soentoro, Winskayati, & Irianto, 2017). Also, this method has water losses from deep percolation, seepage through bunds, and runoff from the soil surface .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Water Productivity and Agronomic Performance of Paddy Rice Through Water Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

Mboyerwa¹,

Mtakwa²,

Kibret³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Tanzania with 945 million hectares of land area and annual rainfall of 300 mm on 67% of its territorial land is considered as a semi-dry region in the world. Rice production in Tanzania needs to be increased to feed a growing population, whereas water for irrigation is getting scarce. One way to decrease water consumption in paddy fields is to change the irrigation regime for rice production and to replace continuous flooding with alternate wetting and drying. In order to investigate the effect of different regimes of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and water productivity of hybrid rice, two greenhouse pot experiments comprising soils from upland and lowland production ecologies were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania during crop seasons of 2019. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized completely block design with 3 replications. Water regimes were the main factor comparing continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) with nitrogen fertilizer levels as the sub-factor including absolute control , 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) improved water productivity in both upland and lowland production ecologies compared to CF. AWD increased yield under lowland production by 13.3% while in upland there was 18.5% decrease in yield. The average water use varied from 31.5 to 84 L pot-1 under upland trials, while in lowland trials it was 36 to 82.3 L. Higher yield and lower water application led to an increase in WP varying from 1.2 to 1.8 kg cm-3 under upland trials, and 0.6 to 1.5 kg cm-3 under lowland trials. The variation in water productivity among treatments was mainly due to the differences in the yield, water and nitrogen levels used in the production process. Both sets of trials recorded water saving up to 34.3% and 17.3% under lowland and upland trials, respectively. Under upland trials, the yield varied from 39.9 to 124.1 g pot-1 and in lowland trials yield ranged from 20.6 to 118.2 g pot-1 representing paddy rice. The measurements showed that less water can be used to produce more crops under alternative rice growing practices. The results are important for water-scarce areas, providing useful information to policy makers, farmers, agricultural departments, and water management boards in devising future climate-smart adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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“…The practice of continuous flooding is very inefficient, supplying much more water than the plants' actual requirements and also emitting large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions (Hadi, Inubushi, & Yagi, 2010;Utaminingsih, Soentoro, Winskayati, & Irianto, 2017). Also, this method has water losses from deep percolation, seepage through bunds, and runoff from the soil surface (Bouman, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water balance analysis on water management of organic System of Rice Intensification (organic-SRI) in West Java, Indonesia

Arif

Setiawan

Saputra

et al. 2019

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa efektifitas irigasi berselang dengan neraca air pada lahan SRI dengan penerapan pupuk organik. Eksperimen dilakukan di Desa Gabus Wetan, Kab. Indramayu, Jawa Barat dari 17 November 2016 sampai 1 Maret 2017. Sensor parameter cuaca dan tanah dipasang di lahan untuk mendapatkan data harian kondisi lapang termasuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Data cuaca seperti hujan, suhu udara, kelembaban udara relatif, dan kecepatan angin dan kedalaman muka air diukur secara otomatis setiap 60 menit. Analisis neraca air dilakukan dengan kesalahan (error) yang rendah (1,00%) dimana jumlah air masuk melalui hujan dan irigasi sebesar 560 mm dan 865 mm, sedangkan jumlah air keluar melalui evapotranspirasi tanaman, perkolasi, dan limpasan berturut turut sebanyak 430, 306 dan 675 mm. Perbandingan dengan sistem pertanian konvensional dengan irigasi tergenang, menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas air dari SRI organik berturut turut 30% dan 27% lebih tinggi untuk produktivitas air berdasarkan jumlah air masuk dan evapotranspirasi. SRI organik juga memproduksi 33% produksi lebih tinggi dari sistem pertanian konvensional di lokasi yang sama. Kunci keberhasilan irigasi berselang adalah dengan menjaga tinggi muka air dipermukaan tanah (macak-macak) pada fase vegetatif dan generatif. Oleh sebab itu, cara ini merupakan alternatif pilihan bagi petani ketika sumber daya air berkurang karena perubahan iklim. Diseminasi hasil direkomendasikan melalui program pelatihan dan pendampingan bagi petani.Kata Kunci: SRI organik, pengelolaan air, neraca air, produktivitas, sistem monitoring ABSTRACTThe current study was carried out to analyze effectiveness of intermittent irrigation by water balance components in SRI paddy fields with organic fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in Gabus Wetan Village, Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia from 17 November 2016 to 1 March 2017. Weather and soil sensors were set up in the fields to acquire data on daily field conditions as well as on plant growth. Data on weathers such as precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were collected automatically during the season every 60 min, as well as the soil water depth. Analyzing the data collected, water balance analysis was well performed with low error (1.00%) in which the water inflows through precipitation and irrigation were 560 mm and 865 mm, respectively, while the outflows by crop evapotranspiration, percolation, and runoff were 430, 306 and 675 mm, respectively. Compared to conventional rice farming as commonly practices by applying continous flooding irrigation, water productivities of organic SRI were 30% and 27% higher with respect to total water input (WPIR) and with respect to the amount of evapotranspiration (WPET, respectively. Organic SRI produced 33% higher yield than the average of conventional methods in the same subdistrict. The key was intermittent irrigation by maintaining shallow water depth (nearly soil surface) in the vegetative and generative stages. Therefore, it is an attractiv...

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Optimasi Pengembangan Lahan Berbasis Daerah Irigasi di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity of Paddy Rice with Water-Saving Irrigation and Optimization of Nitrogen Fertilization

Evaluation of Water Productivity and Agronomic Performance of Paddy Rice Through Water Saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization

Water balance analysis on water management of organic System of Rice Intensification (organic-SRI) in West Java, Indonesia

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