Optimization and experimental validation of a mini wind turbine prototype with PMSG

Abstract

Wind energy has emerged as a pivotal renewable energy source, offering a sustainable solution to the growing global energy demands and environmental challenges. This work presents the design, optimization, and experimental vali- dation of a mini horizontal-axis wind turbine equipped with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). A comprehensive approach was adopted, beginning with a 3D design of the turbine’s structural components using Tinkercad software, followed by mathematical modeling and simulation of the PMSG using Python. The mathematical model incorporates advanced techniques, including the Park transformation and equations of electromagnetic and mechanical dynamics, to ensure accurate predictions of the generator’s performance. The turbine prototype was fabricated, and a custom-designed wattmeter utilizing Arduino technology was developed to facilitate performance characterization. Experimental tests were conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate the electrical output of the wind turbine. The results were compared with the theoretical simulations, revealing a satisfactory correlation. However, minor deviations were identified, attributed to losses and limitations in the prototype’s physical components. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of employing small-scale wind turbines with PMSGs for sustainable energy applications. The insights derived from this work provide a foundation for further opti- mization in terms of design, material selection, and integration with energy storage systems. Future prospects include enhancing the magnetic flux density of the generator and exploring hybrid renewable systems for improved efficiency.