Optimization and extraction of pharmaceutical micro-pollutant - norfloxacin using emulsion liquid membranes

Abstract

Amongst the present water treatment technologies membrane separation is gaining focus nowadays. Emulsion liquid membrane is one of the advanced strategies used for pollution removal from waste water in which the use of biosurfactant makes this approach eco-friendly technique. The norfloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolones class of antibiotic and extensively used for urinary tract infections, which is the model pollutant in this study. Saponin was solvent extracted from soapnuts and used as biosurfactant. The main and interactive effects of parameters such as saponin concentration (0.01-0.03 g/100 mL), NaOH concentration (0.25-0.75 M) and Initial Norfloxacin concentration (25-75 mg/L) were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Box Behnken Design (BBD) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) design. The results suggested that developed 3-8-1 ANN model evaluated in terms of performance measure (R 2 : 0.9806, Chi square: 0.02) and error functions (RMSE: 0.11, MAE: 0.09, SEP: 1.16, MPE: 1.76) demonstrated superiority more precisely than the RSM model in terms of both data fitting and prediction capability. The optimal conditions for ELM were found to be: initial norfloxacin concentration 67.65 mg/L, saponin concentration 0.021 mg/100 mL, and NaOH concentration 0.36 M and the extraction efficiency at these parameter settings would be 91.27%.

Performance Evaluation of Emulsion Liquid Membrane on Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Removal: Stability, Mass Transfer Coefficient, and Extraction Efficiency Studies

“…where N is mixing speed (rpm), T and d are the mixing tank and impeller diameter (m), respectively, Vi, Ve, and Vm denote the internal, external, and membrane phase volumes, and D represents the species diffusivity (CP) in the organic membrane phase, determined using Wilke-Chang correlation [43] shown in (9).…”

“…Chlorpyrifos is banned in many countries, nevertheless, monitoring still has to be carried out. The liquid membrane extraction, commonly known as Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM), was presented as a substitute technique for separation by a polymeric membrane as well as liquid-liquid extraction [8,9]. The mechanism of ELM depends on the diffusion of the solute (contaminant), passing through an organic liquid membrane [10].…”

Chlorpyrifos Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Emulsion Liquid Membrane – Stability, Extraction, and Stripping Studies

“…Liquid membrane processes have recently received a lot of attention as an advanced extraction technique, and are considered an attractive alternative treatment for the elimination of organic contaminants existing in waterbodies. Liquid membrane extraction, commonly known as emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), was presented as a substitute technique for liquid-liquid extraction by solid polymeric membrane (Jusoh et al 2016, Muthusaravanan et al 2019). Comparing with membrane separation technique, the ELM process allows selective solute targeted to pass through a liquid membrane, mostly with adding carrier components (Hu et al 2020).…”

Empirical Modelling of Consumer Price Index of Electricity and Percentage Inflation for Dhofar Governorate in Sultanate of Oman

“…This equation can be used to predict the value of target variable based on given predictor variable(s). A regression equation is a polynomial regression equation if the power of independent variable is more than 1 (Muthusaravanan et al, 2019). The equation below represents a polynomial equation:…”