Optimization Extraction of Indigofera tinctoria L. using Microwave-assisted Extraction

Abstract

Dyes are many used in textiles, food, drink, and cosmetics. In the textile industry, the demand for dye is increasing, especially in natural dye. One of the natural dye that is often used in those products is Indigofera tinctoria L. due to its various potential. However, the time extraction needed is very long in the conventional extraction process. Because of that, some researchers have proved that microwave-assisted extraction takes a short time and high yield extraction obtained because microwave radiation is transmitted to the plant matrix that increasing solubility of solvent, and decreasing surface tension. Correlated with that, Indigofera tinctoria L. dye extraction using microwave-assisted extraction has been analyzed by modeling with response surface methodology with Box-Behnken Design (BBD) with parameters of ratio feed to solvent (0.02-0.1 g/ml), temperature (50-60°C) and extraction time (50-90 minutes). The obtained model could represent the extraction process and showed there an interaction among parameters on the yield, but ratio F/S had the most significant effect. Besides, the difference of optimization model obtained at optimum condition process extraction at ratio feed to solvent 0.02, temperature 60°C, and 50 minutes. The actual yield is 4.976% is closed to the predicted yield which the value is 4.85%. The compounds and similarity of the sample were analyzed using FT-IR and the similarity compound of indigo is 39.11%.

Green Application of Isolated Colorant from Neem Bark for Mordant-Coated Wool: Optimization of Dyeing and Mordanting for Shade Development

“…These rays are eco-friendly and act uniformly on plant material by creating solvent polymerization [24]. The energy referring to solvent molecules when they collide with the plant's outer wall causes its rupture and the evolution of functional materials due to rapid mass transfer kinetics [25,26]. Upon treatment, at 4 min, the maximum bioactive mass (tannin) from neem bark was developed, and upon application, tannin imparts dark shades onto wool (Figure 1).…”

“…Microwave radiation (MW), the commercially viable heating source, is found everywhere at the domestic and industrial levels. In the world of natural products, this conventional heating source adds value to the isolation yield without any damage to the actual nature of a potent molecule [26][27][28]. Hence this unique mode of action requires less solvent consumption, time, labor, and money and lower temperatures [29].…”

Alizarin old and new: Extraction techniques for coloration, advances in detection methods for historical textiles and novel applications as a functional dye

“…This mechanism results in the debilitation of the cell wall and the release of potential components from the ruptured cells; thus, the targeted compounds are yielded. 72 An extraction method with microwave assistance was used to obtain flavonoid-based, [73][74][75] tannin-based, 76,77 anthraquinonebased, 78,79 santalin 80 and indigo 81 colourants from various plant matrices.…”

Optimization and Kinetics Extraction of Natural Dyes from Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) with Ultrasonic Assistance

“…Analysis of variance in ANOVA (Table 3) for the quadratic model typically has a p-value <0.05, indicating that the model is logical and valid. The F-value of the model is 28.33, meaning that this model is significant [7,8]. Variables influencing the yield response encompass the mass ratio of material to solvent (F/S, g/g), ethanol concentration (%), and extraction time (minute).…”