Optimization extraction of rosemary essential oils using hydrodistillation with extraction kinetics analysis

Abstract

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an essential perennial aromatic, evergreen shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae and indigenous to the Mediterranean region (Naimi et al., 2017;de Oliveira et al., 2019). However, it could be found worldwide and grown widely in northern central Europe, America, and East Asia (Ahmed et al., 2016;Tigrine-Kordjani et al., 2012). This plant has a height of up to 2 m, with branches full of green leaves that exude a characteristic fragrance (de Oliveira et al., 2019). Its health benefits have been recognized since ancient times, and it is the raw material of many culinary traditions (Bellumori et al., 2015;Spadi et al., 2021). Moore et al. (2016) mentioned that Rosemary extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties.Widespread use of rosemary is to extract the essential oil.Rosemary essential oil (REO) is a colorless or pale-yellow volatile liquid extracted from the branches and leaves with a characteristic odor. It consists mainly of monoterpenes such as 1,8-cineole,

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Citral-Rich Chemotype Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri

“…citral chemotype (0.8%) [ 19 ], significantly higher than C. camphora ordinary varieties (0.212–0.480%) [ 16 ]. The yield of essential oils depends on the genotype [ 32 ], geographical origin [ 33 , 34 ], the time of harvest [ 35 ], the temperature [ 36 ], the humidity level [ 37 ], the nature of the soil [ 38 ], the organ of the used plant [ 22 , 23 ], the organ’s age [ 39 ], plant density [ 40 ], nutrient application [ 32 ] and the extraction method [ 16 , 27 , 41 ]. The samples tested in the experiment were collected from the same cutting orchard and the environmental conditions were similar when their leaves were picked.…”

Rosemary as a Potential Source of Natural Antioxidants and Anticancer Agents: A Molecular Docking Study

“…With an estimated annual production ranging from 150 to 200 tons, rosemary has emerged as a key player in agriculture and industry. Notably, Tunisia leads production with 80 tons, followed by Morocco with 40 tons, Spain with 28 tons, and France contributing 5 to 10 tons of rosemary oil [ 4 , 6 ]. The cultivation of rosemary not only supports farmers but also fuels the agribusiness sector, providing employment opportunities in rural areas [ 7 ].…”