Optimization of alginate bead size immobilized with Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for nutrient removal

Comparative study between immobilized and suspended Chlorella sp in treatment of pollutant sites in Dhiba port Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…C. vulgaris immobilized by sodium alginate produced a higher amount of cells than suspension cells ( Abu Sepian et al., 2019 ; Rushan et al., 2019 ). The immobilization technique can offer higher micro-algal cell density, which is useful for diminishing lag period ( Ide et al., 2016 ), due to it being less sensitive to stress conditions ( Lee et al., 2020 ).…”

“…They found that hat the use of sodium alginate–immobilized microalgae as a biofilter resulted in a significant reduction in water total ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations and thus improved the survival rate and growth performance of African cichlid ( Labidochromis lividus ) fingerlings. Lee et al. (2020) investigated the optimal alginate bead size for the nutrient removal using C. vulgaris and suggested the cell immobilization technology as an efficient technique for the wastewater treatment systems.…”

Immobilized microalgal system: An achievable idea for upgrading current microalgal wastewater treatment

“…Then, immobilized beads with entrapped microalgal cells are obtained after a short period of stabilization. However, in order to further achieve higher resistance toward real wastewater, a detailed optimization of the obtained alginate-immobilized microalgal system is still highly necessary and should include： optimizing the addition of microalgal beads against various wastewater treatment volumes and types [ 105 ]; selecting high-stress tolerant species together with immobilized beads [ 106 ]; choosing the suitable alginate materials [ 107 ]; directional fabrication of the bead size [ 108 ]; and enhancing environmental tolerance to factors such as pH, alkalinity and salinity through structural modification [ 109 ].…”

Bio-remediation of Most Contaminated Sites by Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons In Dhiba Port Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Chlorella Vulgaris

“…C. vulgaris immobilized by sodium alginate produced higher amount of cells than suspension cells (Abu Sepian et al, 2019; Rushan et al, 2019). Immobilization technique can offer higher micro-algal cell density, which is useful for diminishing lag period (Ide et al, 2016), due to it is less sensitive to stress conditions (Lee et al, 2020). Results in Table 4 showed that the effect of seawater was taken for both sites on chlorophyll-a, content of both immobilized and suspension C. vulgaris cells.…”

“…Other results showed that C. vulgaris was able to remove up to 70% and tolerate 200 mg/L of As 5+ present in the growth medium (Jiang, 2011). (Lee et al, 2020) investigated the optimal alginate bead size for the nutrient removal using C. vulgaris and suggested the cell immobilization technology as an e cient technique for the wastewater treatment systems. The main objectives of the current study are to investigate the contamination pattern in Dhiba port marine environment, analyze water in the ve sites inside the port related to contaminations of heavy metals and hydrocarbons, and study the potential of fresh alga C. vulgaris and immobilized C. vulgaris to bioremediate pollutants that exist in the most contaminated two sites in port.…”