Optimization of Chromium (Vi) Removal by  Donnan Dialysis

Marzouk, Ikhlass; Dammak, L.; Chaabane, L.; Hamrouni, Béchir

doi:10.4236/ajac.2013.46039

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This mixture improved the Cr(III) transport relative to using HNO 3 alone. The high sodium ion concentration in the extractor mixture may exchange with the Cr(III) ions and stimulates both ion diffusion due to the concentration gradient . The percent extraction membrane were ordered as MplasmaNa [49.36%; see Figure (D) a] > M414%PNa [41.14%; see Figure (D) b] > M416%0Na(32.66%) > M432%0Na (29.43%) > MPP (11.23%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene membranes modified with interpenetrating polymer networks for the removal of chromium ions

Tapiero

Rivas

Sánchez

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polypropylene (PP) membranes incorporating poly [(ar-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride] P(ClVBTA), and poly[sodium (styrene sulfonate)] P(SSNa) were modified via an "in situ" radical polymerization synthesis. Two methods were used for impregnation of the reactive solution: pressure injection and plasma superficial activation with argon gas. The following conditions were varied: the monomer concentrations, number of injections, and cross-linked concentration. The modified polypropylene membranes were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, electrokinetic potential, and Donnan dialysis for the chromium ions transport. The modified membranes exhibited a hydrophilic character with a water uptake capacity between 15% and 20% and a percent modification between 2.5% and 4.0%. This was compared with the results of an unmodified polypropylene membrane as the blank and the mentioned polypropylene membrane has not the capacity to uptake water because this kind of material is highly hydrophobic. Hexavalent chromium ions were efficiently transported by the modified membranes containing P(ClVBTA) via a plasma method and it achieved 59.2% extraction at pH 9.0 using a 1-mol L 21 NaCl extraction agent. Therefore, unmodified polypropylene membrane shows an extraction percentage close to 10% from the hexavalent chromium ions at pH 9.0. In the same way, the trivalent chromium transport using membranes modified with P(SSNa) achieved 49.0% extraction at pH 2.0 using 1 3 10 21 mol L 21 HNO 3 and 1 mol L 21 NaCl as the extraction agents. Moreover, the unmodified polypropylene membrane reached a value close to 10% from the trivalent chromium ions using 1 3 10 21 mol L 21 HNO 3 and 1 mol L 21 NaCl.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene membranes modified with interpenetrating polymer networks for the removal of chromium ions

Tapiero

Rivas

Sánchez

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This mixture did not improve the Cr(III) transport relative to using HNO 3 alone at pH 3.0. The high sodium ion concentration in the extractor mixture may exchange with the Cr(III) ions and stimulate ion diffusion due to the concentration gradient 61,62 , but this exchange did not occur.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric(tga)analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low pH in the extractor solution may exchange with the Cr(III) ions more rapidly and stimulates diffusion of both ions due to the concentration gradient 61,62 . However, the mass transport coefficient is higher in the pH 3.0 extractor solution than in the pH 1.0 extractor solution.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric(tga)analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Ion Membranes Supported Inside Microporous Polypropylene Membranes to Transport Chromium Ions: Determination of Mass Transport Coefficient

Tapiero

Rivas

Sánchez

2014

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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Polypropylene (PP) membranes incorporating interpenetrating polymer networks of poly [(ar-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride](P(ClVBTA)) and poly[sodium (styrenesulfonate)] P(SSNa) were modified via an "in-situ" radical polymerization synthesis inside the pores. The modified polypropylene membranes were characterized using SEM, ATR/FTIR, DRX, TGA, and Donnan dialysis for the transport of chromium ions. The modified membranes exhibited a percent modification between 2.5% and 4.0% in weight gain and a hydrophilic character with a water uptake capacity between 15% and 20%. The mass transport coefficient was determined using the non-linear fit of the experimental data to the exponential equation. Hexavalent chromium ions were efficiently transported by the modified membranes containing P(ClVBTA). At pH 3.0, the M4Cl.PEI (11.0×10 -6 m s -1 ), and at pH 9.0, the M3Cl (14.4×10 -6 m s -1 ) could transport hexavalent chromium ions efficiently using a 1 mol L -1 NaCl extraction agent. In the same way, the transport of trivalent chromium could be performed using membranes modified with P(SSNa). At pH 3.0 and 4.0×10 -2 mol L -1 trivalent chromium in the food chamber, the M9Na.PVA (16.3×10 -6 m s -1 ) performed efficient transport using 1×10 -3 mol L -1 HNO 3 as the extraction agent.Keywords: interpenetrating polymer network, membranes, Donnan dialysis, chromium, ion exchange, and polypropylene. INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental pollution of water, soil, and air is a serious problem when it includes oxyanions. Some oxyanion water-contaminating species employed in industry are chromate, arsenate, permanganate, hydrogen selenite, and selenate. A particular case is the derivatives of the chromium oxyanions. Chromium ions have two oxidation states in the water, for example, the trivalent chromium Cr(III) and hexavalent chromium Cr(VI).Cr(VI) produces the oxyanion (chromate) and the polyoxyanion (dichromate). These oxyanions are the more toxic ionic species and cause serious health problems such as cancer. The toxicity depends on the concentration and the exposure period 1,2 . Cr(VI) oxyanions are water-soluble across all pH ranges and accumulate well in biological systems (bioassimilable), and their speciation depends on the pH and concentration. If the pH is strongly acidic and the Cr(VI) ions are highly concentrated, the chromium ions exist as dichromate The most common methods developed to remove Cr(VI), and Cr(III) ions from polluted solutions are reduction and precipitation 9 , adsorption 10 , and ion exchange 11,12 . Membrane technologies allow for reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, dialysis, diffusion dialysis, Donnan dialysis, membrane electrolysis, and electrodialysis 4,12-14 (liquid, emulsified and supported) 13,15,16 . However, it is difficult to eliminate the oxyanions Cr(VI) and the Cr(III) ions selectively from the water. The improvement of the removal methods and the production of new functional polymer materials are very useful in the development of new technologies for removal, retention, an...

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“…The study allowed us to find the best conditions to remove the chromium (VI) by Donnan dialysis. These conditions were obtained in previous study ([Cr (VI) = 100 mg·L ; AFN and high speed of magnetic stirring) and will be used for this study in order to improve the efficiency of this process for the removal of chromium [44].…”

Section: Donnan Dialysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Donnan Dialysis Coupled to Adsorption onto Activated Alumina for Chromium (VI) Removal

Marzouk¹,

Chaabane²,

Dammak³

et al. 2013

AJAC

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The aim of this paper is the assessment of Donnan dialysis coupled to adsorption process for the removal of chromium from aqueous solutions. This study was conducted in order to benefit from each process, and it was an original and new combination. The coupling was a solution to improve the contact time and the amount of chromium (VI) removed. The coupling was successfully performed with 90% of chromium (VI) removed after 6 hours.

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Optimization of Chromium (Vi) Removal by Donnan Dialysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Polypropylene membranes modified with interpenetrating polymer networks for the removal of chromium ions

Polypropylene membranes modified with interpenetrating polymer networks for the removal of chromium ions

Functional Ion Membranes Supported Inside Microporous Polypropylene Membranes to Transport Chromium Ions: Determination of Mass Transport Coefficient

Application of Donnan Dialysis Coupled to Adsorption onto Activated Alumina for Chromium (VI) Removal

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