Optimization of Condition-Based Maintenance of Wood Utility Pole Network Subjected to Hurricane Hazard and Climate Change

Abstract

Electric power distribution systems that link the bulk power grid (generation and transmission systems) to customers are the leading cause of power outages due to their vulnerability to extreme wind events, especially hurricanes. The strength of the wood poles that typically support the distribution lines also deteriorate over time. The vulnerability of the poles is expected to increase due to the potential impact of climate change on both hurricane hazard and wood decay rate. As such, an effective maintenance planning method is required for the vast number of poles supporting distribution lines. This paper presents a framework to optimize the maintenance of a network of wood utility poles. Corrective replacement due to failure caused by hurricanes and preventive replacement due to excessive decay are considered. The objective is to find the optimal inspection interval for the preventive replacement to minimize the long-term maintenance cost. To solve the optimization problem, the decay of the poles is modeled as a stationary gamma process. The impact of climate change on the rate of pole failure and replacement is also investigated. Two locations are considered as case studies: Miami, Florida, and New York City, New York. The period from 2010 to 2099 is considered for the study. The results of the case study show that the optimal inspection/replacement cycle determined using the developed framework results in lower total maintenance costs compared to current typical utility practice. Based on the inspection and replacement costs used in the study, the results show that adopting a periodic preventive maintenance policy decreases the failure rate of the poles but increases the total maintenance cost. However, only the cost of replacing the poles is considered here. Other considerations, such as indirect costs due to power outages and the impact of pole failure on system reliability, can render the adoption of a preventive replacement policy cost-effective. The results also show that climate change can increase the total maintenance cost. Based on current typical utility maintenance practice, climate change can increase the total maintenance cost by up to 8% in Miami and 6% in NYC, depending on the emission scenario considered.

Investigating the Effects of Climate Change on Material Properties and Structural Performance

“…A study by Salman et al (2020) investigated the impact of climate change on timber poles in two locations in the USA: Miami and New York City. These cities correspond to different types of climate.…”

Towards Climate Change Adaptation of Existing and New Deteriorating Infrastructure

“…These findings highlight that a comprehensive management of structures subjected to new environmental conditions affected by climate change should account for these local effects. Climate change is also affecting the long-term performance of deteriorating infrastructure [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. For example, Merschman et al [5] studied the effect of variations of temperature and precipitations on the durability of timber poles for power distribution systems subjected to decay.…”

Risk-Based Management of Electric Power Distribution Systems Subjected to Hurricane and Tornado Hazards

“…Hence, F y c − y p has a gamma distribution. More details on the modeling of pole decay with the gamma process can be found in [39].…”

“…For more details on the CBM model presented here, including cost parameters used for optimization, see [39].…”