Optimization of continuous lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris by CO 2 -expanded methanol for biodiesel production

Yang, Yi-Hung; Klinthong, Worasaung; Tan, Chung‐Sung

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.076

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As shown in Table 4, the order of oil yield is CXE (x 1 = 0.7) > pressurized ethanol > ethanol > acetone > hexane ≈ sc-CO 2 . Similar to our findings, several studies also reported that using CXL extraction 25,69,71,72 can be accomplished with higher oil yields than using organic solvents. Despite sc-CO 2 having a density much higher than that of hexane, its oil yield is not higher than hexane.…”

Section: Cxe Experimental Measurements and Modeling By Pc-saft Eossupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, despite the demonstrated great potential of green and sustainable solvents such as GXLs, only a limited number of studies have focused on the extraction of valuable compounds using these solvents. Existing literature includes the extraction of lipids from Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production using CO 2 -expanded methanol, the extraction of cholesterol-lowering compounds from an olive byproduct using CO 2 -expanded ethyl acetate, and the extraction of rice bran oil (RBO) using CO 2 -expanded acetone and CO 2 -expanded hexane. , However, it is worth noting that none of these studies have applied CXE for sustainable oil extraction from waste rice bran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Volumetric Property of Eco-Friendly Pressurized Fluids by Experimental, Theoretical Modeling, and MD Simulation for Sustainable Oil Extraction from Waste Rice Bran

Cai,

Fu,

Kong

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A comprehensive investigation into the densities of eco-friendly pressurized fluids, including pressurized biobased ethanol, CO 2 -expanded ethanol (CXE), and supercritical CO 2 (sc-CO 2 ), is notably lacking. This research gap covers experimental, theoretical modeling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, there is limited research on the extraction of rice bran oil (RBO). We have comprehensively investigated the densities of these pressurized fluids, employing a combination of experimental, theoretical modeling, and MD simulation approaches, combined with eco-friendly fluid techniques, to extract RBO from the waste biomass of rice bran. We have first developed a novel pulse response method with curve fitting for the simultaneous determination of density and diffusivity in pressurized fluids. Initially, density measurements were conducted for pressurized CO 2 and pressurized ethanol, showing strong agreement with literature data within 298.15−323.15 K and 1.97−25.09 MPa. Applying this method to CXE resulted in minimal deviation within 6.0−10.0 MPa at 313.15 K. Moreover, this study introduces new density data for CXE at 313.15 K. The data covers CO 2 mole fraction x 1 values from 0.18 to 0.88 at 15.0 MPa and from 0.4 to 0.95 at 20.0 MPa. These findings are significant, revealing density peaks near x 1 = 0.7 and providing valuable insights for the first time. Simultaneously, the experimental densities were successfully correlated using the semiempirical equation, while PC-SAFT EoS accurately represented the density. MD simulations cover pressurized CO 2 , pressurized ethanol, CXE, and sc-CO 2 densities over varied temperatures and pressures. The densities of CO 2 were simulated by using four models: Cygan, EPM2, TraPPE, and Zhang. EPM2 proves most accurate with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 5.5%, outperforming the other models. Ethanol densities were replicated using the OPLS-AA model with an AARD of 5.5%. The novel ReaxFF and CPMD models exhibited excellent agreement for CXE, with AARD of 1.90 and 1.38%, respectively. Furthermore, CPMD performed extremely well compared with classical MD simulation and ReaxFF for all pressurized fluids, particularly near the critical point of CO 2 and the critical point of ethanol. Expanding on research into pressurized fluid properties, novel eco-friendly extraction methods employing pressurized ethanol, CXE, and sc-CO 2 have been developed for RBO extraction from rice bran. Notably, the pioneering CXE technique demonstrates outstanding results with a remarkable 0.23 yield ratio achieved at 313.15 K, 20.0 MPa, and x 1 = 0.7. These insights into pressurized fluid equilibrium and transport properties hold great potential for diverse environmentally friendly industrial applications.

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Section: Cxe Experimental Measurements and Modeling By Pc-saft Eossupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Volumetric Property of Eco-Friendly Pressurized Fluids by Experimental, Theoretical Modeling, and MD Simulation for Sustainable Oil Extraction from Waste Rice Bran

Cai,

Fu,

Kong

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Due to the fact that CXLs can be operated at mild temperatures and pressures, a reduction in process costs and energy consumption could be realized. The mass transfer rates can also be improved via CXLs by reducing interfacial tension and viscosity as well as increasing diffusivity [ 80 ]. Wang et al [ 78 ] used the CO 2 -expanded ethanol to successfully extract lipids from Schizochytrium sp.…”

Section: Microalgal Lipid Extraction and Quantification Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production

Chen

Wang

Qiu

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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Biofuels produced from microalgal biomass have received growing worldwide recognition as promising alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived fuels. Among the processes involved, the downstream refinement process for the extraction of lipids from biomass greatly influences the sustainability and efficiency of the entire biofuel system. This review summarizes and compares the current techniques for the extraction and measurement of microalgal lipids, including the gravimetric methods using organic solvents, CO2-based solvents, ionic liquids and switchable solvents, Nile red lipid visualization method, sulfo-phospho-vanillin method, and the thin-layer chromatography method. Each method has its own competitive advantages and disadvantages. For example, the organic solvents-based gravimetric method is mostly used and frequently employed as a reference standard to validate other methods, but it requires large amounts of samples and is time-consuming and expensive to recover solvents also with low selectivity towards desired products. The pretreatment approaches which aimed to disrupt cells and support subsequent lipid extraction through bead beating, microwave, ultrasonication, chemical methods, and enzymatic disruption are also introduced. Moreover, the principles and procedures for the production and quantification of fatty acids are finally described in detail, involving the preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and their quantification and composition analysis by gas chromatography.

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“…In addition, CXL extractions can be operated at lower temperatures, allowing temperature-sensitive medium-to-high polarity compounds to be extracted without thermal decomposition . Many examples of bioactive compound − and microalgae − lipids extractions have been reported, with most improving upon existing solvent-based processes.…”

Section: Co2 Tunable Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

et al. 2018

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Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.

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Optimization of continuous lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris by CO 2 -expanded methanol for biodiesel production

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Comprehensive Volumetric Property of Eco-Friendly Pressurized Fluids by Experimental, Theoretical Modeling, and MD Simulation for Sustainable Oil Extraction from Waste Rice Bran

Comprehensive Volumetric Property of Eco-Friendly Pressurized Fluids by Experimental, Theoretical Modeling, and MD Simulation for Sustainable Oil Extraction from Waste Rice Bran

Determination of Microalgal Lipid Content and Fatty Acid for Biofuel Production

Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes

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