Optimization of cropping pattern under seasonal fluctuations of surface water using multistage stochastic programming

Abstract

Regarding the rapid socio-economic development, increasing food demand and decreasing available resources, this challenge has become a major problem in the agricultural sector, causing the change consumption from surface water to groundwater resources and reduction of farmers' income. Therefore, optimal programming of the cropping pattern is necessary to handle such challenges. To accomplish the mentioned aim, a model of irrigation water allocation was developed based on the cropping pattern using multistage stochastic programming in accordance with the surface water supply fluctuations. In this model, different stochastic states are considered for all irrigation seasons in the irrigation network of Jiroft plain in Kerman province, which faces a severe shortage of surface water resources and the tendency of farmers to overuse groundwater resources. By solving multistage stochastic model, it can be observed that by utilizing an appropriate programming of the cropping pattern, more benefits for the farmers could be realized in the conditions of available surface water fluctuations. The results also indicated that if the surface water released into the canals increased in the spring, the share of profitable with high water consumption crops in pattern will increase, which will strengthen farmers' profits and pressure on groundwater resources. However, it could not expect to receive a significant reduction of groundwater resource consumption and a significant increase of cropping intensity. According to the results obtained, surface water resources cannot meet the water needs of the region, even by using optimal cropping patterns, and this has led to overuse of groundwater resources in this area. Finally, such planning can help adoption of desired policies for irrigation water management through the proper release of these resources.

Retracted: Integrated modeling of food–water–energy nexus for maximizing water productivity

“…A hydroagronomic simulation-optimization approach was simulated using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) and the optimal cropping pattern was searched by particle swarm optimizer (PSO). Mirzaei et al (2022) used optimal programming of the cropping pattern to consider seasonal fluctuations of surface water in the irrigation network of the Jiroft plain in Kerman Province, Iran. A model of irrigation water allocation was developed based on cropping pattern using multistage stochastic programming in accordance with surface water supply fluctuations.…”

Crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling under climate change scenario, and optimal cropland allocation in lower kulfo catchment

“…Crop water requirement is the amount of water equal to what is lost from the cropped field by evapotranspiration [ 4 ]. Soil type, climate change, topographical location, and crop type are highly affect the quantity of crop water requirement [ 5 ]. Climate change denotes significant and enduring shifts in Earth's climate, driven by human activities due to emitting of greenhouse gases like CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O, and altering temperature, precipitation, and wind patterns [ 6 ].…”

Evaluation of water-energy-food-environment-agricultural economic growth nexus integrated approach to achieve sustainable production

“…In this regard, the global demand for water, energy and food (WEF) resources is expected to increase by more than 50% on average by 2050 (Zuo et al, 2021Schull et al, 2020. Furthermore, in the past decades, economic development along with the occurrence of environmental phenomena, such as climate change and land use changes, have led to excessive demand for these key resources (Mabhaudhi et al, 2019;Azarm et al, 2020;Mirzaei et al, 2022b). The continuation of this trend and the ever-increasing demand for WEF resources, while threatening the security of these strategic resources, will be an obstacle to the attainment of sustainable development globally (Feng et al, 2022).…”