Optimization of energy procurement and load management

Abstract

The possibilities for electric utilities t o optimize energy procurement are dependent on factors, such as: * own generation capability energy import/export contracts load management facility In companies which mainly distribute electrical energy, minor eneration and load management is predominantly use8 for optimizing the energy import. Import contracts can define conditions, as for example: * * * * tariffs depending on time of day, kind of day-type and season minimum and maximum energy t o be imported in a defined time interval discount when importing more than a defined energy amount in a given time period average half-hourly or quarter-hourly maximum demand values to be adhered toIn the control centre of the Pfalzwerke AG, programs for optimizing the energy procurement are incorporated. A main element in the optimizing strategy is the load mana ement. Load management is achieved by ripple control 03 storage heaters, having an installed capacity of approximately 65 % of the peak load. The paper deals with the procedures for energy import optimization based on the results of a load forecast program. Special emphasis is put on load management and the investigations for modelling the load behaviour depending on season, kind of day and temperature. In addition, practical aspects in exce tional situations, such as equipment failures, are handled:

Optimal Contract Capacities for Time-of-Use Rate Industrial Customers Using Stochastic Search Algorithms

“…The contract capacity charge depends on the contract capacities of each time period, while the energy charge varies according to total energy consumption during each time period, and the penalty charge is decided by maximum power consumption during each time period and the customer's contract capacities. However, total energy consumption and maximum power consumption by the customer cannot be precisely controlled without energy storage systems [3,4] or other load management strategies [5,6].…”