Optimization of friction stir welding for various tool pin geometries: the weldability of Polyamide 6 plates made of material extrusion additive manufacturing

Vidakis, Nectarios; Petousis, Markos; Mountakis, Nikolaos; Kechagias, John

doi:10.1007/s00170-022-10675-5

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In this study, RFW is employed to join polymer rods fabricated by PLA-containing copper powder and PLA-containing aluminum powder. Friction stir welding is also recommended for jointing polymer rods fabricated with PLAcontaining copper powder and PLA-containing aluminum powder [50,51]. This topic is an exciting research topic and is currently being investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Polymer Rods Containing Metal Powder

Kuo,

Chen,

Huang

2023

Polymers

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Three-dimensional printing is widely used for manufacturing a variety of functional components. However, the 3D printing machine substantially limits the size of the functional components. Rotary friction welding (RFW) is a possible solution to this problem. In addition, there is a notable scarcity of research directed toward the domain knowledge of RFW involving dissimilar polymer rods containing metal powder. In this study, two welding specimens fabricated by polylactic acid (PLA)-containing copper powder and PLA-containing aluminum powder were joined using a turning machine. After RFW, a bending test and a Shore A surface hardness test were performed to investigate the weld quality. It was found that the bending strength of the welded parts fabricated by RFW of PLA and PLA-containing Al powder rods can be enhanced by about 57.5% when the welded part is placed at 45 °C. Surface hardness test results showed that the surface hardness of the weld interface is better than that of the 3D printed parts, and the average surface hardness of the weld interface from RFW of PLA and PLA is the highest. The surface hardness of the weld joint is about 3% higher than that of the base material. The surface hardness of the heat-affected zone is about 3% lower than that of the base material. The average peak temperature of the welded joint is the highest in the RFW of PLA-containing Al powder and PLA-containing Al powder rods. The average peak temperature of the weld joint can be as high as 160 °C. The average peak temperature of the welded joint is the highest in the RFW of PLA-containing Cu powder and PLA-containing Cu powder rods. The average peak temperature of the welded joint can be as high as 144 °C. A technical database was built for the selection of ambient temperatures used for the RFW of dissimilar polymer rods containing metal powder and three base materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Polymer Rods Containing Metal Powder

Kuo,

Chen,

Huang

2023

Polymers

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“…35 ME applications have greatly advanced, evolving from solely rapid prototyping to producing durable and functional end-use-parts. These parts are found in fields including aerospace, 36 automotive, 37 and biomedical sectors. [38][39][40] The properties of ME parts are influenced by part design and process parameters.…”

Section: Materials Extrusion (Me)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of machine learning in polymer additive manufacturing: A review

Nasrin,

Pourkamali‐Anaraki,

Peterson

2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology that enables production of intricate structures while minimizing material waste. However, its full potential has yet to be realized due to technical challenges such as the dependence of part quality on numerous process parameters, the vast number of design options, and the occurrence of defects. These complications may be magnified by the use of polymers and polymer composites due to their complex molecular structures, batch‐to‐batch variations, and changes in final part properties caused by small alterations in process settings and environmental conditions. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, offers approaches to tackle these challenges and significantly reduce the experimental and computational time and expense. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research on integrating ML techniques into polymer AM. It highlights the challenges involved in adopting ML in polymer AM, proposes potential solutions, and identifies areas for future research.

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“…Additionally, nanocompounds with antibacterial capabilities for medical applications [20,26] have been reported. Polyamides have been exploited in hybrid AM technologies [27] to further expand their potential in industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposites with Optimized Polytetrafluoroethylene Content as a Reinforcement Agent in PA12 and PLA for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

Vidakis,

Petousis,

Moutsopoulou

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Herein, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is evaluated as a reinforcement agent in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM), aiming to develop nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical performance. Loadings up to 4.0 wt.% were introduced as fillers of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyamide 12 (PA12) matrices. Filaments for MEX AM were prepared to produce corresponding 3D-printed samples. For the thorough characterization of the nanocomposites, a series of standardized mechanical tests were followed, along with AFM, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, EDS, and SEM analyses. The results showed an improved mechanical response for filler concentrations between 2.0 and 3.0 wt.%. The enhancement for the PLA/PTFE 2.0 wt.% in the tensile strength reached 21.1% and the modulus of elasticity 25.5%; for the PA12/PTFE 3.0 wt.%, 34.1%, and 41.7%, respectively. For PLA/PTFE 2.0 wt.%, the enhancement in the flexural strength reached 57.6% and the modulus of elasticity 25.5%; for the PA12/PTFE 3.0 wt.%, 14.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. This research enables the ability to deploy PTFE as a reinforcement agent in the PA12 and PLA thermoplastic engineering polymers in the MEX AM process, expanding the potential applications.

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Optimization of friction stir welding for various tool pin geometries: the weldability of Polyamide 6 plates made of material extrusion additive manufacturing

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Polymer Rods Containing Metal Powder

Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Polymer Rods Containing Metal Powder

Application of machine learning in polymer additive manufacturing: A review

Nanocomposites with Optimized Polytetrafluoroethylene Content as a Reinforcement Agent in PA12 and PLA for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

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