Optimization of GATE and PHITS Monte Carlo code parameters for spot scanning proton beam based on simulation with FLUKA general-purpose code

Kurosu, Keita; Das, Indra J.; Moskvin, V.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2015.11.017

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This underestimation at small ranges and less underestimation toward the end of the range is consistent with the simulations using the non‐divergent beam in our study. Similar conclusions were found on the Geant4 MCS in an independent study …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Similar conclusions were found on the Geant4 MCS in an independent study. 35 The lateral dose profiles agreed qualitatively well in the halo region in the open beam configuration but was substantially overestimated when traversing the RaShi. Due to the shallow gradient of the lateral dose profile in the halo after traversing the RaShi, FWxM parameters were considerably overestimated although OFs could be rather well reproduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Evaluation of electromagnetic and nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for proton therapy

et al. 2019

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PurposeThe dose core of a proton pencil beam (PB) is enveloped by a low dose area reaching several centimeters off the central axis and containing a considerable amount of the dose. Adequate modeling of the different components of the PB profile is, therefore, required for accurate dose calculation. In this study, we experimentally validated one electromagnetic and two nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for dose calculation of proton beams in the therapeutic energy window (62–252 MeV) with and without range shifter (RaShi).MethodsThe multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) model was validated by lateral dose core profiles measured for five energies at up to four depths from beam plateau to Bragg peak region. Nuclear halo profiles of single PBs were evaluated for three (62.4, 148.2, and 252.7 MeV) and two (97.4 and 124.7 MeV) energies, without and with RaShi, respectively. The influence of the dose core and nuclear halo on field sizes varying from 2–20 cm was evaluated by means of output factors (OFs), namely frame factors (FFs) and field size factors (FSFs), to quantify the relative increase of dose when increasing the field size.ResultsThe relative increase in the dose core width in the simulations deviated negligibly from measurements for depths until 80% of the beam range, but was overestimated by up to 0.2 mm in σ toward the end of range for all energies. The dose halo region of the lateral dose profile agreed well with measurements in the open beam configuration, but was notably overestimated in the deepest measurement plane of the highest energy or when the beam passed through the RaShi. The root‐mean‐square deviations (RMSDs) between the simulated and the measured FSFs were less than 1% at all depths, but were higher in the second half of the beam range as compared to the first half or when traversing the RaShi. The deviations in one of the two tested hadron physics lists originated mostly in elastic scattering. The RMSDs could be reduced by approximately a factor of two by exchanging the default elastic scattering cross sections for protons.ConclusionsGATE/Geant4 agreed satisfyingly with most measured quantities. MCS was systematically overestimated toward the end of the beam range. Contributions from nuclear scattering were overestimated when the beam traversed the RaShi or at the depths close to the end of the beam range without RaShi. Both, field size effects and calculation uncertainties, increased when the beam traversed the RaShi. Measured field size effects were almost negligible for beams up to medium energy and were highest for the highest energy beam without RaShi, but vice versa when traversing the RaShi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Evaluation of electromagnetic and nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for proton therapy

et al. 2019

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“…It can deal with the transport of all particles over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models, and nuclear data libraries. It has been previously compared with other Monte Carlo code (e.g., FLUKA) and confirmed its effectiveness [11]. Our simulation focused on the effects of particle scattering and nuclear reaction, and it did not consider the differences between Hparticles and protons.…”

Section: Nuclear Reaction In Stripper Foil Simulated Using Phits Codementioning

confidence: 60%

Measurement of radioactivity and evaluation of activated nuclides due to secondary particles produced in stripper foil in J-PARC RCS

2020

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Multi-turn charge-exchange beam injection is the key technique to achieve high-intensity proton beam accelerators. In J-PARC RCS, 400-MeV H- beams from LINAC are injected into stripper foils such that most of the beams are converted into protons. The stripper foils are irradiated not only with the injected H- beams but also with the protons circulating during the beam injection period. The high energy and intense beam irradiation into the foil generates secondary neutrons and protons via nuclear reactions. These secondary particles cause high residual activation around the stripper foils. Therefore, an activation analysis method that uses sample pieces is required to investigate the secondary particle. Furthermore, a new experimental system to measure secondary particles from the foil was installed at the L3BT 100BD line. Initial testing of the system has been completed, and beam testing will commence in October 2018.

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“…In this model, the participating particles, that is, primary particles or particles generated during the cascade process, are described by means of Gaussian wave functions. Also, a range cut of 1 mm and a step size of 0.1 mm were applied, which is sufficiently small as demonstrated in several studies …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, a range cut of 1 mm and a step size of 0.1 mm were applied, which is sufficiently small as demonstrated in several studies. [33][34][35]…”

Section: C Geant4 Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetry and characterization of a 25‐MeV proton beam line for preclinical radiobiology research

et al. 2019

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Purpose With the increase in proton therapy centers, there is a growing need to make progress in preclinical proton radiation biology to give accessible data to medical physicists and practicing radiation oncologists. Methods A cyclotron usually producing radioisotopes with a proton beam at an energy of about 25 MeV after acceleration, was used for radiobiology studies. Depleted silicon surface barrier detectors were used for the beam energy measurement. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and a plastic scintillator detector were used for fluence measurement, and compared to Geant4 and an in‐house analytical dose modeling developed for this purpose. Also, from the energy measurement of each attenuated beam, the dose‐averaged linear energy transfer (LETd) was calculated with Geant4. Results The measured proton beam energy was 24.85 ± 0.14 MeV with an energy straggling of 127 ± 22 keV before scattering and extraction in air. The measured flatness was within ± 2.1% over 9 mm in diameter. A wide range of LETd is achievable: constant between the entrance and the exit of the cancer cell sample ranging from 2.2 to 8 keV/μm, beyond 20 keV/μm, and an average of 2–5 keV/μm in a scattering spread‐out Bragg peak calculated for an example of a 6‐mm‐thick xenograft tumor. Conclusion The dosimetry and the characterization of a 25‐MeV proton beam line for preclinical radiobiology research was performed by measurements and modeling, demonstrating the feasibility of delivering a proton beam for preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies with LETd of clinical interest.

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Optimization of GATE and PHITS Monte Carlo code parameters for spot scanning proton beam based on simulation with FLUKA general-purpose code

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of electromagnetic and nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for proton therapy

Evaluation of electromagnetic and nuclear scattering models in GATE/Geant4 for proton therapy

Measurement of radioactivity and evaluation of activated nuclides due to secondary particles produced in stripper foil in J-PARC RCS

Dosimetry and characterization of a 25‐MeV proton beam line for preclinical radiobiology research

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