Optimization of Microstructural Evolution during Laser Cladding of Ni Based Powder on GCI Glass Molds

Bourahima, Fazati; Helbert, Anne‐Laure; Ji, Vincent; Rege, M.; Courteaux, Arnaud; Brisset, François; Baudin, Thierry

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.185

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…They found https://www.indjst.org/ the best processing parameters based on coating hardness and dilution rate indices using an orthogonal experimental design. Finally, they created regression-based mathematical models (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Sathishkumar,

Asaithambi,

Srinivasan

2024

IJST

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Objective: To examine the tribological and mechanical characteristics of the AZ61 alloy reinforced with Stelcar alloy powder by surface modification through laser cladding. Methods: Surface modification was done by using a laser cladding machine, where the input parameters including Scanning Speed (SS), Laser Power (LP) and Powder Feed Rate (PFR) were adjusted. Experimental design followed a L9 Taguchi approach, and optimization of input parameters for the surface modified AZ61 alloy reinforced with Stelcar alloy particles was achieved using Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). Output responses, namely wear volume and micro hardness were measured to assess the effectiveness of the optimization process. Findings: From the results obtained through the experiments, powder feed rate contributes to 82.81% of the variability in wear volume, whereas the laser power mostly impacts micro hardness; influencing it by 89.46% confirmed with ANOVA. In order to determine the optimal processing parameters among various objectives, this research applies the grey relational method. The results showed that the wear volume and micro hardness of the composite were significantly affected by the Stelcar reinforcement. Employing Grey relational analysis combined with several optimization objectives into a transparent method, resulting in a clad material with the lower wear volume and higher micro hardness. The optimized processing parameters predicted grey relational grades with an error rate of 1.39% and a significant contribution of 63.60% from laser power. This study confirmed that multi-objective optimization could enhance laser-cladded surface mechanical characteristics and laid out the theoretical foundation for this approach. Novelty: This study introduces an innovative approach to surface modification by employing the laser cladding technique to reinforce Stelcar alloy particles, thereby creating a dense coating on the substrate. Keywords: Laser Cladding, AZ61 magnesium alloy, Stelcar alloy, Coating, Optimization

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Sathishkumar,

Asaithambi,

Srinivasan

2024

IJST

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“…Paczkowska et al [15] evaluated the possibility of laser melting of cobalt-based cladding on the surface of ductile cast iron, and also carried out the surface modification of ductile cast iron valve seats to study the organization and hardness of the clad layer by varying different cooling rates and thus, obtaining a clad layer with high hardness, fine organization, and high-temperature resistance. Bourahima et al [16] investigated the effect of process parameters on the nickel-based cladding layer and cast iron substrate, using a combination of experimental and numerical analysis to vary the process parameters and finally prepare a crack-free cladding layer with the desired geometry on the cast iron surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy on the Surface of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron

Sun

Cai

et al. 2021

Coatings

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To further improve the hardness of the laser cladding layer on the surface of the vermicular graphite cast iron, the structural parameters of the laser cladding Co-base were designed and optimized, and the properties of the clad layer were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electrochemical workstation, and friction wear equipment. The results show that the average hardness of the molten layer of Ni and Co-based composite cladding layer is 504 HV0.5, which is 0.64 times that of the Co-based cladding layer due to the combined factors of Ni-Cr-Fe equivalent to the dilution of the Ni-based cladding layer to the Co-based cladding layer. Due to the potential difference of the Ni, Cr, and Co elements on the surface of the cladding layer, the self-corrosion potential of the Ni and Co-based composite cladding layer is 1.08 times that of the Co-based cladding layer, and the self-corrosion current density is 0.51 times. Laser cladding Co-based cladding layer has high corrosion resistance. Under the influence of plastic deformation and oxidative wear of the cladding layer of the Ni and Co-based composite cladding layer, the wear amount of the cladding layer of the Ni and Co-based composite cladding layer is less.

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“…Achivements in Additive Manufacturing wavering method are the power (W), the scanning speed (mm/s) and the frequency (Hz). The commonly used parameters with the classical method of cladding are: The power at 1900W, the scanning speed at 7 mm/s [10]. The amplitude allows to cover the available surface to clad.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Large Surfaces after Laser Cladding by Wavering of Nickel Coating on Cast-Iron Molds Used in Glass Industry

Bourahima,

Lauridant,

Guasch

et al. 2023

KEM

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Laser cladding of a Ni based powder on cast iron is performed by a 4kW continuous diode laser. For this, a robot programming method named “Wavering” is used. Indeed, this method allows to cover large surfaces (width higher than 5 mm and thickness higher than 4 mm). The cast iron substrate used during this work is employed for its thermal properties in glass mold Industry. However, it has drawbacks which are weak wear, corrosion, and abrasion resistance. Conventional techniques used to protect the molds, like Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA), affect the molds microstructure, but also the thermal and mechanical properties. The laser cladding of the Ni based alloy allows to protect the molds without affecting the cast iron thermal properties (low Heat Affected Zone). The purpose of this research is to produce a well bonded Ni based melted powder without pores or cracks on large and curvilinear surfaces. First, the coating, adapted to this substrate geometry, is optimized. Then, an investigation of the impact of the processing parameters (power, scanning speed and wavering frequency) on the microstructure is carried out. Besides, the mechanical behaviour is analysed by microhardness. In addition, the evolution of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) according to the processing parameters is observed. Two kinds of areas are inspected in terms of microstructure: a stable area obtained after a single pass and an interferenced area linked to superimposed passes. Those analyses led to a cladding parameter optimization to obtain perfect bonding, to avoid porosity propagation and to limit the HAZ emergence on curvilinear surfaces. Finally, in comparison with the PTA technique, it appears that laser cladding process with wavering method leads to a good coating of curvilinear surfaces.

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Optimization of Microstructural Evolution during Laser Cladding of Ni Based Powder on GCI Glass Molds

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Surface modification of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy with Stelcar Alloy Powder Using Laser Cladding Technique

Research on Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy on the Surface of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Large Surfaces after Laser Cladding by Wavering of Nickel Coating on Cast-Iron Molds Used in Glass Industry

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