Optimization of Potable Water Distribution and Wastewater Collection Networks: A Systematic Review and Future Research Directions

Abstract

Abstract-Potable water distribution networks (WDNs) and wastewater collection networks (WWCNs) are the two fundamental constituents of the complex urban water infrastructure. Such water networks require adapted design interventions as part of retrofitting, extension and maintenance activities. Consequently, proper optimization methodologies are required to reduce the associated capital cost while also meeting the demands of acquiring clean water and releasing wastewater by consumers. In this paper, a systematic review of the optimization of both WDNs and WWCNs, from the preliminary stages of development through to the state-of-the-art, is jointly presented. Firstly, both WDNs and WWCNs are conceptually and functionally described along with illustrative benchmarks. The optimization of water networks across both clean and waste domains is then systematically reviewed and organized, covering all levels of complexity from the formulation of cost functions and constraints, through to traditional and advanced optimization methodologies. The rationales behind employing these methodologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages are investigated. The paper then critically discusses current trends and identifies directions for future research by comparing the existing optimization paradigms within WDNs and WWCNs and proposing common research directions for optimizing water networks. Optimization of urban water networks is a multidisciplinary domain, within which this paper is anticipated to be of great benefit to researchers and practitioners.

State Estimation in Water Distribution Networks through a New Successive Linear Approximation

“…where d i pkq stands for end-user demand that is extracted from node i at time k. The major head loss of a pipe from node i to j is due to friction and is determined by (1) from Tab. I, where R is the pipe resistance coefficient and µ is the constant flow exponent, both are determined by the corresponding formula, Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, or Chezy-Manning.…”

Optimization of Pressurized Tree-Type Water Distribution Network Using the Improved Decomposition–Dynamic Programming Aggregation Algorithm

“…The total investment cost of a WDN is the most common optimization objective, for which it is essential to determine the minimum spanning tree of the pipeline cost, based on the generalization diagram [5,27]. However, in addition to the investment cost, the operational cost of the pressurized pumping station is not negligible in pressurized tree-type WDNs.…”

“…A relatively small decrease in the construction and operation cost leads to a large total saving [4]. Thus, optimization of WDN can make the capital cost more economical and effective, and it is also one of the most pressing issues faced by public service providers [5,6].…”

“…Due to the relatively lower cost, the tree-type WDN is the most well-tried and the most used in rural water supply projects [8,9]. Optimization of tree-type WDN is a multidisciplinary task involving different requirements of hydraulics, quality, reliability and availability [5,10,11]. In previous work on the optimization of tree-type WDNs, the decision variables, such as pipe diameter, pipe path and bifurcation angles, are generally discrete.…”

Automated Model Construction for Combined Sewer Overflow Prediction Based on Efficient LASSO Algorithm

“…from precipitation events and sewage/wastewater from domestic, industrial, commercial and municipal release together in the same sewer [1]- [3]. The wastewater gathered in the CSS is then directed to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), usually driven by gravity through paved inclined sewers together with a small number of lift pumping stations to assist water transportation between sewers.…”