Optimization of Reactive Diluent for Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Rheological and Thermomechanical Study

Spasojević, Pavle; Šešlija, Sanja I.; Markovič, Maja; Pantic, Olga; Antić, Katarina M.; Spasojević, M.

doi:10.3390/polym13162667

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These materials are used in construction in the shipbuilding or automotive industries, primarily in the fiber-reinforced form as laminates, castings and coatings. There are also alternatives to petroleum-based UPR resources such as fatty acid monomers [7]. DCPD was originally introduced into the production of polyester resins as a cheaper substitute for phthalic anhydride for lower quality unsaturated polyester resins [8][9][10].…”

Section: Dicyclopentadiene Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technology for Production of Dicyclopentadiene and Methyl-Dicyklopentadiene

et al. 2022

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ORLEN Unipetrol’s Steam Cracking unit processes a wide range of hydrocarbons from gases to heavy oils produced in refinery processes. Due to the heavy feedstock, the Steam Cracking unit can produce very valuable hydrocarbons such as cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene in addition to ethylene, propylene and benzene. These hydrocarbons can be obtained and used as very profitable monomers for many other chemical applications. ORLEN Unipetrpol, in cooperation with the University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, has developed a technology for the isolation of technical dicyclopentadiene of both medium purity grades and high purity grades. Making DCPD grades will add considerable value to the raw C5 by-product stream from the Steam Cracker pyrolysis gasoline. The capacity of the new existing DCPD unit is expected to be in the range of 20–26 thousand metric tons per year, depending on the derivative product portfolio and purity of the DCPD. The construction of the unit started in September 2020, and production is expected to be launched in the second half of 2022.

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Section: Dicyclopentadiene Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technology for Production of Dicyclopentadiene and Methyl-Dicyklopentadiene

et al. 2022

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“…It has been proven that the effect of modifying additives on the properties of polymer composites is determined by many factors, such as the type of reactive diluent [ 23 ], synthesis route and raw materials [ 24 , 25 ], the application field of composites [ 26 ], etc. As mentioned above, hyperbranched polyester can strengthen and toughen the resin by introducing specific functional groups due to its special structural characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hyperbranched Polyester Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Feng

Han

et al. 2022

Polymers

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We report a method of reinforcing and toughening unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with a kind of hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). Polyethylene glycol with different molecular weight was used as the core molecule of the preparation reaction, and the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and glycerol was used as the branching unit. The esterification reaction of polycondensation occurred, and then the hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester was prepared. The reaction product of maleic anhydride and isooctanol was added to the prepared hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester for esterification reaction. Both ends of the hyperbranched polyester had unsaturated double bond to obtain the hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). The effects of this treatment on the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composites were studied in detail. The HBP-1 was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The HBP-1/UPR composites were investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), mechanical properties analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that HBP-1 enhanced the thermostability and mechanical properties of UPR. However, DMA indicated that the addition of HBP-1 cannot effectively improve the thermodynamic properties of UPR due to the flexible chain in HBP-1 structure. The HBP-1 improves tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength compared to neat UPR.

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“…Among all polyester materials, unsaturated polyesters (UPs), characterized by low molecular weight and high polydispersity, have attracted significant attention from many research groups; namely, the presence of a double bond in the polymer chain allows for curing with unsaturated monomers and, thus, producing thermosetting polyesters known as unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs). The properties of UPRs, such as viscosity, processability, thermal and mechanical properties, can be tailored by careful choice of the diols and diacids, used to prepare prepolymers (UPs) and unsaturated monomers as reactive diluents (RDs), responsible for cross-linking [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. By varying the ratio between the starting compounds, UPRs with various properties can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters

et al. 2022

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The scope of the present study was to prepare fully bio-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) with comparable properties to the commercial formulations. The focus was set on the determination of the optimal prepolymer formulation using the same set of diacids (itaconic and succinic acid) and different diols (propylene glycol, isosorbide and neopentyl glycol) or its equimolar mixtures, keeping the fixed molar ratio of 1:1:2.1 in all feed compositions. Instead of commonly used styrene, bio-based dimethyl itaconate was used as a reactive diluent (RD). The rheology of the obtained resins was studied in detail. The effect of the used diol on structural (FTIR), thermal (DSC), thermomechanical (DMA), and mechanical (tensile) properties was explained. The properties of UPRs were found to be highly dependent on the diol used in the prepolymer formulation. The UPR with an equimolar ratio of propylene glycol and neopentyl glycol was shown to be the most promising candidate to compete with the commercial petroleum-based resins.

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Optimization of Reactive Diluent for Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Rheological and Thermomechanical Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

New Technology for Production of Dicyclopentadiene and Methyl-Dicyklopentadiene

New Technology for Production of Dicyclopentadiene and Methyl-Dicyklopentadiene

The Hyperbranched Polyester Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin

The Effect of Glycol Derivatives on the Properties of Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyesters

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