Optimization of Sample Preparation for Detection of 10 Phthalates in Non-Alcoholic Beverages in Northern Vietnam

Abstract

A novel method was developed for the sensitive, cheap and fast quantitation of 10 phthalates in non-alcoholic beverages by liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The best results were obtained when n-hexane was used as extraction solvent. A central composite design (CCD) was applied to select the most appreciated operating condition. The method performance was evaluated according to the SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines and was linear in the 0.1 to 200 µg/L range for 10 phthalate compounds, with r2 > 0.996 and individual residuals <15%. Repeatability (RSDr), within-laboratory reproducibility (RSDwr), and the trueness range were from 2.7 to 9.1%, from 3.4 to 14.3% and from 91.5 to 118.1%, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was between 0.5 to 1.0 ng/L and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was between 1.5 to 3.0 ng/L for all 10 compounds. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of non-alcoholic beverages.

Development of a Green Alternative Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Natural Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Analysis of Phthalate Esters in Soft Drinks

“…Although PAEs have not been analyzed in tonic water so far, some of the selected compounds have been detected before in carbonated soft drinks. ,, In this respect, residues of DMP (1.1–3000 μg/L), DEP (0.38–200 μg/L), DPP (0.05–0.52 μg/L), BBP (0.42–27 μg/L), DBP (0.18–133), and DEHP (0.09–136 μg/L) were frequently identified. Our results are in accordance with those publications.…”

“…Although there are no papers about the analysis of PAEs in cold infusions or tonic waters, these kinds of compounds have been previously analyzed in tea leaves, tea infusions, iced-tea, and sparkling soft drinks. For this purpose, different extraction methods such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), , QuEChERS, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), − and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) − have been used. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), based on the dispersion of an extractant phase on the sample, has been employed several times for the extraction of PAEs from nonalcoholic beverages (using variable volumes of chlorinated and nonchlorinated traditional solvents).…”

Evaluation of the Occurrence of Phthalates in Plastic Materials Used in Food Packaging

“…The extraction procedure is the main key point of previous phthalates analyses. Extraction of phthalates in samples often employs microwave [12], Soxhlet [13], and ultrasonic techniques [14] prior to GC-MS analysis. The improvement of these procedures is followed by a pre-concentrating step, increasing phthalates detection.…”

Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Food

“…In their paper, Tran-Lam et al applied a central composite design (CCD) to select the most valued operating condition to perform the extraction and gascromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of plasticizers in non-alcoholic beverages in Vietnam. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ten phthalate esters, obtaining satisfactory recoveries and limits of determination [6].…”

“… In their paper, Tran-Lam et al applied a central composite design (CCD) to select the most valued operating condition to perform the extraction and gascromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of plasticizers in non-alcoholic beverages in Vietnam. The method was successfully applied to the determination of ten phthalate esters, obtaining satisfactory recoveries and limits of determination [ 6 ]. The work of Lachenmeier et al exploited analytical chemistry to monitor the relative concentration of four heat-induced coffee contaminants; acrylamide, furfuryl alcohol (FA), furan and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).…”