Optimization of soapstock splitting process to reduce the concentration of impurities in wastewater

Barbusiński, K.; Fajkis, Sławomir; Szeląg, Bartosz

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124459

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…(3) dimensionality reduction and data transformation; (4) splitting of the data to learning, test and optionally validation sets; (5) application of the chosen data mining technique; (6) interpretation and evaluation of the correctness of the results obtained, with the possibility of revisiting earlier steps; (7) Artificial intelligence plays a role in developing systems designed to achieve intelligence equal to or even surpassing that of humans. Consequently, AI, by certain definitions, is associated with the notion of behaving or thinking rationally to mitigate human systematic errors [Russell and Norvig, 2010].…”

Section: Use Of Data Mining Methods For Modeling Wastewater Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simulation of these variables is performed using a mechanistic model, specifically ASM. To determine the amount of measurement data and the number of experiments needed for model calibration, the design of experiments (DOE) method is employed [Barbusiński et al, 2021]. This method takes into consideration the number of parameters (both kinetic and stoichiometric) to be calibrated.…”

Section: Balancing Economic and Ecological Aspects: A Multi-criteria ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment: Harnessing Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations with Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advanced Control Systems

Drewnowski,

Szeląg,

Sabba

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The wastewater treatment landscape in Central Europe, particularly in Poland, has undergone a profound transformation due to European Union (EU) integration. Fueled by EU funding and rapid technological advancements, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have adopted cutting-edge control methods to adhere to EU Water Framework Directive mandates. WWTPs contend with complexities such as variable flow rates, temperature fluctuations, and evolving influent compositions, necessitating advanced control systems and precise sensors to ensure water quality, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce operational costs. Wastewater mathematical modeling provides operational flexibility, acting as a virtual testing ground for process enhancements and resource optimization. Real-time sensors play a crucial role in creating these models by continuously monitoring key parameters and supplying data to predictive models. These models empower real-time decision-making, resulting in minimized downtime and reduced expenses, thus promoting the sustainability and efficiency of WWTPs while aligning with resource recovery and environmental stewardship goals. The evolution of WWTPs in Central Europe is driven by a range of factors. To optimize WWTPs, a multi-criteria approach is presented, integrating simulation models with data mining methods, while taking into account parameter interactions. This approach strikes a balance between the volume of data collected and the complexity of statistical analysis, employing machine learning techniques to cut costs for process optimization. The future of WWTP control systems lies in "smart process control systems", which revolve around simulation models driven by real-time data, ultimately leading to optimal biochemical processes. In conclusion, Central Europe's wastewater treatment sector has wholeheartedly embraced advanced control methods and mathematical modeling to comply with EU regulations and advance sustainability objectives. Real-time monitoring and sophisticated modeling are instrumental in driving efficient, resource-conscious operations. Challenges remain in terms of data accessibility and cost-effective online monitoring, especially for smaller WWTPs.

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Section: Use Of Data Mining Methods For Modeling Wastewater Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Balancing Economic and Ecological Aspects: A Multi-criteria ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment: Harnessing Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations with Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advanced Control Systems

Drewnowski,

Szeląg,

Sabba

et al. 2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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“…The water content in soapstocks is (40-60) %. In [6], soapstock processing by concentration due to water removal was investigated. However, this technology does not involve the extraction of pure mixtures of fatty acids.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste

Kalyna

Stankevych²,

Myronenko

et al. 2022

EEJET

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Fatty acids are an important component in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical industries. The production of various types of products requires a certain purity and quality of fatty acids. To obtain these compounds, it is promising to use soapstocks, which are waste products of alkaline refining of oils. The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the effect of the process parameters of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid on the saponification number, which is an important production characteristic of fatty acids. The study used sunflower soapstock according to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4) with a mass fraction of total fat of 69.5 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %. The soapstock was treated with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 90 °C, the process duration was 40 min. Rational parameters of soapstock treatment were determined: concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction mass is 80 %, concentration of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid – 50 %. In the experiment interval, the settling duration of the reaction mass does not affect the saponification number of fatty acids. The settling time of 1 hour is effective for the isolation of fatty acids. Under these conditions, the saponification number of fatty acids was 186.4 mg KOH/g. The acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.2 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.5 %, cleavage depth – 95.0 % oleic acid. The obtained data allow rational and most efficient use of the reagent – sulfuric acid. The results of the work make it possible to reduce the duration of fatty acids obtaining from soapstocks, since the efficiency of the process with the minimum duration of mass settling has been confirmed. The improved technology of soapstock decomposition makes it possible to obtain a valuable product – high-quality fatty acids under rational conditions

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“…This will make it possible to introduce a properties of soapstock, its structure and viscosity change. Disposal of this waste without recycling leads to environmental pollution [1]. Fatty components of soapstock are capable of oxidation and pose a fire hazard [2].…”

Section: The Aim and Objectives Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology development of fatty acids obtaining from soapstok using saponification

Sytnik

Kunitsіa

Kalyna

et al. 2021

EEJET

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The processing of oil refining waste is essential from economic and environmental points of view. An important issue is the processing of soapstock to extract fatty acids, which are raw materials for various industries. The two-stage method of fatty acids obtaining from soapstock using saponification with sodium hydroxide solution and decomposition with sulfuric acid is investigated. The peculiarity of the work is the study of the influence of soapstock saponification conditions on the key efficiency indicators of fatty acid extraction: yield and neutralization number. A sample of soapstock was obtained as a result of alkaline neutralization of sunflower oil. Soapstock quality corresponds to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4): mass fraction of total fat – 68.5 %, fatty acids – 62.6 %, neutral fat – 5.9 %. Rational saponification conditions were determined: duration (85 min.) and concentration of sodium hydroxide solution (45 %). After saponification, the soapstock was subjected to decomposition with sulfuric acid under the following conditions: temperature 90 °C, duration 40 min. Under the rational saponification conditions, the yield of fatty acids (91.8 %) and the neutralization number (187.1 mg KOH/g) were determined. The obtained fatty acids correspond to the first-grade fatty acids according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). Acid indicators: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.5 %, mass fraction of total fat – 98.0 %, cleavage depth – 69.2 % oleic acid. The use of the soapstock saponification stage before decomposition leads to an improvement in the quality indicators and an increase in the neutralization number of fatty acids by 4 %, yield – by 16.2 %. The results of the study make it possible to produce fatty acids from soapstock by two-stage technology with high yield and neutralization number

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Optimization of soapstock splitting process to reduce the concentration of impurities in wastewater

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment: Harnessing Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations with Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advanced Control Systems

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment: Harnessing Mathematical Modeling and Computer Simulations with Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advanced Control Systems

Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste

Technology development of fatty acids obtaining from soapstok using saponification

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