Optimization of the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover

Pretreatments to Enhance the Digestibility of Wheat Straw

“…This process decrystallises the cellulose, hydrolyses hemicellulose, eliminates and depolymerises lignin, and raises the size and quantity of micropores in the cell wall, thus significantly increasing the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis [41]. In previous studies, AFEX treatment resulted in near theoretical yields of glucose in different types of agricultural residues [24] and energy crops [29,71].In particular, previous work has shown conversions of over 90% of the glucan and 70% xylose on switchgrass, howevere again, the cultivar/ecotype and harvest time was not specified [27].…”

“…Cellulose have protected and sheathed by lignin and hemicellulose, and also lignin have covalently bonded to carbohydrates [41]. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of wheat straw have including [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][20][21][22][23][24][25], and 15-20 (%w/w), respectively [60]. Due to this structural complexity of the lignocellulosic matrix, ethanol production from wheat straw requires pretreatment, which is very important for its degradation.…”

“…(AFEX) process is been found to be an effective pretreatment for promoting enzymatic hydrolysis [24]. AFEX can achieve greater than 90% conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars for a variety of lignocellulosic materials, including alfalfa, barley straw, corn residue, wheat straw, rice straw, corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse, switchgrass, coastal bermudagrass, and rye grass straw [11].…”

“…AFEX can achieve greater than 90% conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars for a variety of lignocellulosic materials, including alfalfa, barley straw, corn residue, wheat straw, rice straw, corn fiber, sugarcane bagasse, switchgrass, coastal bermudagrass, and rye grass straw [11]. AFEX reduces the degree of polymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose to increase enzyme accessibility for hydrolysis [24]. AFEX-centered cellulosic technology simplifies production stages, decreases the requirement for nutrient supplementation, increases the diversity of co-products and potentially enhances the environmental benefits beyond the direct impact of the pretreatment processes AFEX, a dry-to-dry pretreatment process, completely preserves lignin and carbohydrate [83].…”

Biofuels Get in the Fast Lane: Developments in Plant Feedstock Production and Processing

“…The effects here are mainly the decrystallization of cellulose and the increase of the accessible surface area of the biomass as well as partial deacetylation and hemicellulose removal [153]. These changes enable the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose at low enzyme loadings, which represents the major advantage of the method.…”