Optimization of the output and efficiency of a high power cascaded arc hydrogen plasma source

Vijvers, W.A.J.; Gils, Koen van; Goedheer, W. J.; Meiden, H.J. van der; Schram, D.C.; Veremiyenko, V.P.; Westerhout, J.; Cardozo, N.J. Lopes; Rooij, G.J. van

doi:10.1063/1.2979703

Cited by 61 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At sufficiently high electron densities these H * are susceptible to being reionized leading to larger electron densities. This has been observed by Veremiyenko et al [27] and Vijvers et al [14] and confirmed by our measurements (see Fig. 11).…”

Section: Effect Of the Arc Currentsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Electron density and temperature measurements in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma

et al. 2016

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Engeln, R. A. H. (2016). Electron density and temperature measurements in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma. Physical Review E, 94(2), [023201]. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.023201 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. We report measurements of electron densities, n e , and temperatures, T e , in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma performed using Thomson scattering. The effects of applying an axial magnetic field and changing the background pressure in the plasma vessel on n e and T e along the expansion axis are reported. Magnetic field strengths (B field) up to 170 mT were applied, which are one order of magnitude larger than previously reported. The main effect of the applied B field is the plasma confinement, which leads to higher n e . At B fields larger than 88 mT the electron density along the expansion axis does not depend strongly on the magnetic field strength. However, T e is susceptible to the B field and reaches at 170 mT a maximum of 2.5 eV at a distance of 1.5 cm from the exit of the cascaded arc. To determine also the effect of the arc current through the arc, measurements were performed with arc currents of 45, 60, and 75 A at background pressures of 9.7 and 88.3 Pa. At constant magnetic field n e decreases from the exit of the arc along the expansion axis when the arc current is decreased. At 88.3 Pa n e shows a higher value close to the exit of the arc, but a faster decay along the expansion axis with respect to the 9.7 Pa case. T e is overall higher at lower pressure reaching a maximum of 3.2 eV at the lower arc current of 45 A. The results of this study complement our understanding and the characterization of expanding hydrogen plasmas.

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Section: Effect Of the Arc Currentsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…They reported electron densities on the order of a few times 10 20 m −3 . Vijvers et al [14] have performed Thomson scattering on magnetized hydrogen plasmas measuring n e up to 9 × 10 21 m −3 with a magnetic field of 200 mT. Research conducted by van Rooij et al [15] and electron temperatures up to 3.0 eV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron density and temperature measurements in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma

et al. 2016

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“…15. A so-called cascaded arc source 16,17 creates a plasma, which exhausts into the vacuum vessel along the magnetic field axis. A strong axial magnetic field confines the plasma, generating an intense magnetized cylindrical plasma beam.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Bystrov

Vegt

Temmerman

et al. 2012

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Fine-grain graphite samples were exposed to high density low temperature (ne∼1020 m−3, Te∼1 eV) hydrogen plasmas in the Pilot-PSI linear plasma generator. Redeposition of eroded carbon is so strong that no external precursor gas injection is necessary for deposits to form on the exposed surface during the bombardment. In fact, up to 90% of carbon is redeposited, most noticeably in the region of the highest particle flux. The redeposits appear in the form of carbon microparticles of various sizes and structures. Discharge parameters influence the efficiency of the redeposition processes and the particle growth rate. Under favorable conditions, the growth rate reaches 0.15 μm/s. The authors used high resolution scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to study the particle growth mode. The columnar structure of some of the large particles points toward surface growth, while observation of the spherical carbon nanoparticles indicates growth in the plasma phase. Multiple nanoparticles can agglomerate and form bigger particles. The spherical shape of the agglomerates suggests that nanoparticles coalesce in the gas phase. The erosion and redeposition patterns on the samples are likely determined by the gradients in plasma flux density and surface temperature across the surface.

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“…1a and is described in more detail in [38,39]. In our experiments, a hydrogen plasma was generated by a cascaded arc plasma source [40] and expanded into a downstream vessel along a magnetic field of 0.4-0.8 T generated by electromagnetic field coils. The radially resolved plasma parameters were measured by a Thomson scattering system [41] 2.7 cm in front of the sample and show a typically high central electron density (>10 20 m -3 ) and an electron temperature of 1-2 eV.…”

Section: Synthesis and In Situ Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast nanostructured carbon microparticle synthesis by one-step high-flux plasma processing

Aussems

Bystrov

Doğan

et al. 2017

Carbon

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This study demonstrates a fast one-step synthesis method for nanostructured carbon microparticles on graphite samples using high-flux plasma exposure. These structures are considered as potential candidates for energy applications such as Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The samples were exposed to plasmas in the linear plasma generator Pilot-PSI with an average hydrogen ion-flux of ~10 24 m -2 s -1 . The parameter window was mapped by varying the ion energy and flux, and surface temperature. The particle growth depended mainly on the sample gross-erosion and the resulting hydrocarbon concentration in the plasma. A minimum concentration was necessary to initiate particle formation. The surface of the sample was covered with microparticles with an average growth rate of 0.2 μm/s, which is significantly faster than most chemical methods. The particles were initially volumetrically grown in in the gas-phase by a multiphase process and after deposition on the sample their growth proceeded. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the core of these microparticles can be made of an

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Optimization of the output and efficiency of a high power cascaded arc hydrogen plasma source

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Electron density and temperature measurements in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma

Electron density and temperature measurements in a magnetized expanding hydrogen plasma

Reorganization of graphite surfaces into carbon micro- and nanoparticles under high flux hydrogen plasma bombardment

Fast nanostructured carbon microparticle synthesis by one-step high-flux plasma processing

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