“…Sosnina et al [18] considering the uncertainty of renewable energy generation in VPPs, proposed and studied the optimisation criteria of VPPs. Sosnina et al [19] proposes a VPP network optimisation algorithm for aggregating independent power systems, which optimises the VPP network by structural topology analysis and working mode stability analysis. Although the above research [17][18][19] on the topology of the VPP has achieved good results, the topology involved in the literature is static topology and cannot analyse the dynamic distributed generation.…”