Optimization of Water Pipe Network and Formulation of Pumping Rate

ElZahar, Medhat M. H.; Amin, Mohamed M. M.

doi:10.1007/s12205-023-0872-8

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…where D is the inner pipe diameter (m); Q is the gas flow through the pipe in real conditions of pressure and temperature (m 3 /s); note that the Renouard relation, on the contrary, operates with Q st , gas flow at standard conditions; p st is the standard pressure of 10 5 Pa; u is the gas velocity (m/s); here, used for optimisation, u = 15 m/s; p is the real pressure in pipes (Pa); here, p/p st ≈ 4; π is the Ludolpf number ≈ 3.1415. Pipe diameters as part of a gas network with loops are optimised in this article, which is a different problem [88][89][90] compared to determining the diameter of a single pipe (a solution to the problem of a single pipe in particular conditions is given in [91][92][93]103]). In any case, pipes are standardised and therefore they must be chosen from the prescribed list available for sale on the market [94].…”

Section: Relation Among Gas Flow Pressure and Pipe Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops

Brkić

2024

Computation

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Closed-loop pipe systems allow the possibility of the flow of gas from both directions across each route, ensuring supply continuity in the event of a failure at one point, but their main shortcoming is in the necessity to model them using iterative methods. Two iterative methods of determining the optimal pipe diameter in a gas distribution network with closed loops are described in this paper, offering the advantage of maintaining the gas velocity within specified technical limits, even during peak demand. They are based on the following: (1) a modified Hardy Cross method with the correction of the diameter in each iteration and (2) the node-loop method, which provides a new diameter directly in each iteration. The calculation of the optimal pipe diameter in such gas distribution networks relies on ensuring mass continuity at nodes, following the first Kirchhoff law, and concluding when the pressure drops in all the closed paths are algebraically balanced, adhering to the second Kirchhoff law for energy equilibrium. The presented optimisation is based on principles developed by Hardy Cross in the 1930s for the moment distribution analysis of statically indeterminate structures. The results are for steady-state conditions and for the highest possible estimated demand of gas, while the distributed gas is treated as a noncompressible fluid due to the relatively small drop in pressure in a typical network of pipes. There is no unique solution; instead, an infinite number of potential outcomes exist, alongside infinite combinations of pipe diameters for a given fixed flow pattern that can satisfy the first and second Kirchhoff laws in the given topology of the particular network at hand.

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Section: Relation Among Gas Flow Pressure and Pipe Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops

Brkić

2024

Computation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Optimization of Water Pipe Network and Formulation of Pumping Rate

Cited by 1 publication

References 19 publications

Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops

Two Iterative Methods for Sizing Pipe Diameters in Gas Distribution Networks with Loops

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