Optimized Green Synthesis of Manilkara zapota Capped Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Application Through Formulation of Nano-gel Systems

Abstract

The present study is based on optimized green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Manilkara zapota fruit extract, formulation of topical gels, and evaluation for their antimicrobial properties. The results reveal that a reaction temperature of 35 °C and a reaction time of 11 h are the optimum conditions to get spherical AgNPs with a particle size of 100.7 nm and a zeta potential of −26.7 mV. The synthesized AgNPs formulated as topical gels demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus niger in comparison to the 0.2% (mass fraction) silver nitrate marketed formulation. The AgNPs loaded gels seem promising and could lead to a useful alternative for treating pathogenic infections.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Manilkara zapota leaf extract for the detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics and other applications

“…Parashar and Garg (2022) and Parashar and Garg (2023) reported that AgNPs synthesized by MZL possess significant antibacterial and antioxidant activity. 26,43 …”

“…Parashar and Garg (2022) and Parashar and Garg (2023) reported that AgNPs synthesized by MZL possess signicant antibacterial and antioxidant activity. 26,43 3.7 Application of the determination of STR using AgNP-MZL in agricultural, environmental and soil samples To investigate the practicality of the established STR detection method, the recovery study of this green synthesized AgNP-MZL-based biosensor was performed in four types of real-water samples, including surface water, river water, tap water, sewage water, and river water (SW, TW, SGW, and RW), four types of soil samples (SR-1, SD-2, SR-3, and SB-4) and three types of agricultural samples, including potato (Ag-P), tomato (AgAg-T) and green beans (AgAg-G). An aliquot of ltered water/soil/agricultural sample (1.0 mL) was added into a glass vial containing 1 mL of green synthesized AgNP-MZL at pH 4.0.…”

“…AgNP–MZL was prepared through nanoprecipitation according to a previously reported methodology with a few modifications. 26 The formation of AgNP–MZL was carried out using different volumes of MZL extract (1.0 to 2.0 mL) and silver salt (AgNO 3 ) concentrations of 0.5 M and 5.0 M, respectively. The silver precursor solution was added to the plant extract of MZL in a ratio of 4 : 1; the resulting mixture was sonicated at 800 rpm and 60 °C for 30 min in Tarson's Digital Spinot.…”

“…The in vitro antioxidant activity of the seed extract of Manilkara zapota was determined by the entrapment test of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay based on the method described in the reported articles with a few modifications. 26 For this analysis, 50 mL of leaf extract of Manilkara zapota was taken, placed into a 100 mL volumetric flask and then mixed with 50 mL of ethanol and 25 mL of DPPH solution. After that, the extract was incubated in the dark at room temperature for 1 h. The content of biochemical (quercetin) in the sample was the same as that of the control according to the load rate of the target compound.…”