Optimized Use of Ferric Chloride and Sesbania Seed Gum (SSG) as Sustainable Coagulant Aid for Turbidity Reduction in Drinking Water Treatment

Chua, Siong-Chin; Kait, Chong Fai; Malek, Marlinda Abdul; Mustafa, Muhammad Raza Ul; Ismail, Norli; Sujarwo, Wawan; Lim, Jun Wei; Ho, Yeek‐Chia

doi:10.3390/su12062273

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the application of non-artificial intelligence method in flocculant dosing process (Chua et al 2020;Mohtar et al 2020), it is often necessary to model separately according to the situation of water plants, and this model cannot be directly applied to other water plants. The IRF model can adjust parameters automatically and can be directly applied to multiple waterworks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating effluent turbidity in the drinking water flocculation process with an improved random forest model

Wang

Chang

et al. 2021

Water Supply

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During the drinking water treatment, the uncertain changes of raw water quality bring great difficulties to the control of flocculants dosage, especially because the feedback information based on the effluent turbidimeter of sedimentation tank can only be obtained after a long time when the influent water quality changes for the large lag characteristics of flocculation process. The prediction of effluent turbidity of sedimentation tank can effectively solve aforementioned problem. Given that it is difficult for the ordinary random forest (RF) model to accurately predict the effluent turbidity of sedimentation tank for the complicated changes of raw water quality, an improved random forest (IRF) model composed of long-term and short-term parts is proposed, which can capture the periodicity and time-varying characteristics of influent water quality data. The experimental results show that, the root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of IRF model in Baiyangwan waterworks are improved 67.52% and 67.91% respectively, compared with those of ordinary RF model. The proposed effluent turbidity predictions are also successfully developed in Xujiang waterworks and Xiangcheng waterworks of Suzhou, China. This research provides an effective method for real-time predicting the effluent turbidity of sedimentation tank according to the influent water quality data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ideal flocculation process should dose appropriate flocculant according to the influent water quality index. (Chua et al 2020;Mohtar et al 2020). The flocculant dosage directly determines the water purification effect (Xia et al 2018).…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating effluent turbidity in the drinking water flocculation process with an improved random forest model

Wang

Chang

et al. 2021

Water Supply

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“…Coagulation-occulation technology is widely used in waste water treatment and water environment remediation, even in drinking water treatment [47,48], relevant theories are abundant. To our knowledge, this is the rst study to raise the possibility that coagulation-occulation could be applied to the vector mosquito control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulation-Flocculation: A potential Application for Mosquito Larval Source Management (LSM) with No Insecticide Resistance

Li¹,

Huang²,

PeiEn³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mosquito control is an essential step to eliminate mosquito-borne diseases. Larval mosquitoes have a more limited home range and lower resistance to adverse environment than adults, thus can be ideal targets for vector control in some cases. Coagulation-flocculation technology, which could be used for water treatment in breeding sites of several vector mosquito species, can significantly change both the distribution of organic particles and surface sediment characteristics in water environment. The aim of this study was to explore the effect, principle and possibility of using coagulation-flocculation technology in immature mosquitoes killing.Method: In laboratory, chlorine-free tap water was treated with Poly Aluminum Chloride (PACl, sewage treatment using). The oviposition preference of gravid Culex pipiens pallens, the hatching of mosquito eggs and the survival amount of mosquito larvae were observed, and the pupa amounts were recorded each day.Results: Coagulation-flocculation treatment could improve the oviposition preference of Culex pipiens pallens to some extent (compared with ordinary chlorine-free tap water), but not significantly (p=0.345). After treatment, mosquitoes laid eggs in chlorine-free tap water were 31.88% more than those laid in untreated water. Coagulation-flocculation affected the larvae’s survival by physical means: Ⅰ) alum floc layer increases the difficulty of larvae foraging, leads larvae starving to death; (Ⅱ) the little floc particles adhere to the surface of larvae, which stops larvae from floating upward to breathe. As a result, the alum floc layer had a good killing effect on the mosquito larvae, presented the half lethal time (LT50) of 2d, the 90% lethal time (LT90) of 8.7±7.3 ~ 14±4.5 d, and the pupation rate of 0 ~ (6.5±0.5)%, respectively.Conclusions: PACl coagulation-flocculation produced lots of alum flocs, which may attract more gravid mosquitoes for laying eggs, and was shown to be highly active against 1st~2nd instar larvae. The principle of this technology illustrates this method won’t develop insecticide resistance. In this study, coagulation-flocculation technology is considered to be a new potential approach to a sustainable, low-impact and low-cost mosquito control method.

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“…Aqueous solutions of FeCl3 attributed numerous applications, such as flocculating agents for seawater pre-treatment prior desalination [2], feed additives [3], wastewater treatment [4], soil treatment [5], drinking water flocculation [6], phosphate removal [7], heavy metals removal [8], printed circuits etching in electronic industry [9], ideal Lewis polymerization in organic synthesis, reduction, C-C bond formation, oxidative coupling, and others [10]. On the other hand anhydrous FeCl3 or its hexahydrated form reacted as oxidant for bacterio-pyropheophorbide to produce ring-D oxidized chlorine in >95% yield [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effective Clean Electrochemical Preparation of Ferric Chloride and its Applications

2021

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In this investigation, a green, cost-effective clean electrochemical process for preparing a highly concentrated ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution has been proposed. Many operating conditions, affected the used anodic dissolution process for FeCl3 production, were studied. Generating ferrous hydroxide electrochemically then dissolving it by hydrochloric acid and oxidized with chlorine free mixed oxidant, were proceeded steps to reach the production of our target ferric chloride. It is a green, clean, and novel process because it is environmentally and industrial safer than the traditional production technology. The most important studied experimental variables were applied like applied current density, sodium chloride concentration, electrolyte pH, at the most controlling operating parameter which is optimum electrolysis time. Experimental results revealed that optimum current density was 300 mA/cm 2 ; using 30gm/L saline solution, electrodes gap distance 5 cm, and stirring rate 150 rpm at pH 6.5 for 270 minutes, respectively. At these optimal operating parameters, 40% FeCl3 concentration can be prepared to consume 202 watts/liter of high quality with low capital, & operating costs. The economic indicators show that the running cost of production of 40% ferric chloride solution using the proposed cleaner electrochemical production technology will be 241.66$/ton and the suggested price is 450$/ton with a net profit of 156$ with high cash flow using the proposed green technology. The proposed methodology for FeCl3 production reviews the importance of using cleaner production and sustainable development indicators.

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Optimized Use of Ferric Chloride and Sesbania Seed Gum (SSG) as Sustainable Coagulant Aid for Turbidity Reduction in Drinking Water Treatment

Cited by 31 publications

References 36 publications

Estimating effluent turbidity in the drinking water flocculation process with an improved random forest model

Estimating effluent turbidity in the drinking water flocculation process with an improved random forest model

Coagulation-Flocculation: A potential Application for Mosquito Larval Source Management (LSM) with No Insecticide Resistance

Cost-effective Clean Electrochemical Preparation of Ferric Chloride and its Applications

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