Optimizing CT Esophagography: Ex Vivo Study on Contrast Ratios, Image Quality, and Dual-Energy Benefits

Abstract

This study aimed to optimize CT esophagography by identifying effective oral contrast dilution ratios and exploring the advantages of dual-energy CT (DECT) over conventional CT for improving image quality. Ex vivo experiments using iodine contrast agents (320–400 mgI/mL) at 21 dilution ratios were scanned at three voltages, with additional dual-energy scans generating various reconstruction images. Image quality was assessed both objectively and subjectively. The study found significant variability in image quality across different dilution ratios. Specific dilution ratios that produced image quality comparable to the control group (a commercial oral contrast agent) and those meeting the standards for clinical diagnosis and high-quality images were identified based on image quality assessments. Recommendations for preparing 100 mL of oral contrast solution were provided, such as for achieving high-quality images at a scanning voltage of 100 kVp: the optimal dilution ratios are 1:6 to 1:19 for 320 mgI/mL, and 1:8 to 1:19 for 350 to 400 mgI/mL. Additionally, beam-hardening artifacts were significantly reduced in DECT images. These findings provide valuable guidance for improving CT esophagography protocols.