Optimizing Sand Concrete Properties Through Partial Substitution of Natural Sand with Cement Kiln Dust

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of substituting ordinary sand with cement kiln dust (CKD) as sand on the rheological, mechanical characteristics and some aspects of durability of sand concrete, formulated according to the experimental method of SABLOCRETE. Concrete mixtures were prepared with different CKD replacement rates: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, while the quantities of cement, water, limestone fines, and adjuvant still constant. Different concrete mixtures were tested to measure: density, workability, air content, compressive and flexural strengths. Moreover, capillarity and immersion tests were performed to evaluate water absorption, and resistance to sulfuric acid exposure was assessed to estimate chemical durability. Results demonstrate that substitution rates had a significant influence on the properties of sand concrete. The optimal mechanical performance was around 15% of CKD sand. In contrast, the highest water absorption rates (both by immersion and capillarity), were observed in the concrete with 20% of CKD sand. However, the mass loss due to sulfuric acid, was lower in concrete containing 10% CKD sand. This investigation underlined the role of CKD's proportion in determining the mechanical and durability characteristics of sand concrete, offering valuable insights for sustainable construction practices.

General analysis of the dissipation of strain energy in circular columns

“…Waste from the cement industry, including Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and unfired or poorly fired clinker, has been used in several types of construction materials. CKD has been employed as a cement additive [12-13-14] and as a component of sand concrete [15]. On the other hand, there has been limited research on the valorisation of baked or unbaked clinker in construction materials.…”