Optimizing the Homogenizer‐Assisted Extraction (HAE) of Total Phenolic Compounds from Banana Peel

Abstract

Homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) was employed in the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from banana peel. The effects of ethanol concentration v/v, EC) and the solid-solvent ratio (2.5-7.5%, w/v, SSR) on the TPC extraction from banana peel were evaluated using response surface methodology. The best TPC extraction conditions from banana peel were defined as ethanol concentration of 54% (v/v) and solid-solvent ratio of 7.5% (w/v). The HAE in optimum conditions was able to extract a high TPC content (2.44 g GAE/ 100 g dw) from banana peel with just 30 s of extraction. In addition, the extract showed high antioxidant activity in the different assays used (DPPH IC 50 , TEAC and T-ORAC FL ). HAE can be employed in the safe, fast and low environmental impact extraction of antioxidant compounds from plant material. Furthermore, banana peels can be considered as a renewable and low-cost source of antioxidant compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSExtraction of antioxidants from banana peel using HAE presents more potential than traditional extraction methods, due to a lot of decrease of extraction time (30 s), low energy expenditure as the system is not heated and also the use of GRAS solvent (water : ethanol). The banana peel extract obtained in optimal conditions presents high potential, for example, it can be applied as preservatives in the food and beverage, besides others uses in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The banana peel is a cheap plant material and available throughout the year; therefore, it is an excellent raw material for the extraction of natural compounds. The use of banana peel to obtain antioxidant extracts is a practical alternative for increasing the value of this by-product. a wide variety of applications in food science and technology mainly because of their properties as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. In addition, the consumption of fruits rich in (poly)phenols can prevent, slow or reverse the development of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders (Vald es et al. 2015).

Extraction optimization and profile analysis of oligosaccharides in banana pulp and peel

“…Furthermore, the ripe banana peel presents high content of fibers (32.9–51.9%), minerals (e.g., 55–63 mg potassium/kg), essential amino acids (1.7–2.6%) and low content of starch and crude fat (Emaga et al, ). The banana peel may be an alternative raw material to produce foods with functional claims due to its nutritional composition and high content of antioxidant compounds (Pereira, Molina, Arruda, & Pastore, ).…”

“…The banana peel may be an alternative raw material to produce foods with functional claims due to its nutritional composition and high content of antioxidant compounds (Pereira, Molina, Arruda, & Pastore, 2017). Oligosaccharides were determined by the sum of individual compounds.…”

“…Furthermore, according to our own literature search, no study was found dealing with oligosaccharides profile in banana peel. The banana peel represents 30–40% of the total weight of the fruit and its inappropriate disposal promotes great environmental impact (Pereira, Molina, Arruda, & Pastore, ). The recovery of a by‐product mainly depends of its chemical composition.…”

Dispersion‐assisted extraction of guarana processing wastes on the obtaining of polyphenols and alkaloids

“…The HSM of WG (1.87–2.05 g GAE/100 g raw material) was comparable to the hydroethanolic HSM extracts from banana peels (1.12–2.68 g GAE/100 g raw material) obtained 11,000 rpm for 30 s (Pereira et al, ).…”

“…High-shear mixing (HSM) is commonly used to homogenize samples at high speed in a few seconds. Recently, dispersion-assisted extraction methods, like the HSM have emerged as an environmentally-friendly and low cost alternative to conventional extraction methods, because of reduced solvent consumption and time of processing, besides the enhanced recovery of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds from banana peels (Pereira, Molina, Arruda, & Pastore, 2017), lipids from microalgae (Kwak, Kim, Kim, Lee, & Chang, 2019) apocarotenoid from annatto (Torres, Santos, & Meireles, 2015), and organic acids from honeysuckle (Xu et al, 2016). Other dispersion-assisted extraction methods include membranes (Zheng et al, 2019), highpressure (Xing et al, 2018) and sonication (Park et al, 2015).…”