Optimizing the use of flexible residential demand for balancing wind power

Abstract

Due to limited predictability of variable renewable energy sources such as wind energy, the balance between demand and supply in electricity systems is challenged. Market players integrating these technologies in their portfolio face increasing imbalances and are, consequently, charged with cost-reflective imbalance tariffs. In this paper, an optimization model is developed which aims to minimize wind power imbalances by means of combining different control options: thermal generators re-dispatch, intra-day market trading and shifting flexible residential demand. The model is applied to a case study on a representative market player in the Belgian market context. Simulation results show that flexible demand provides a significant share in the reduction of the imbalance volume. Index Terms-balancing, demand response, smart grids, wind power, unit commitment I. NOMENCLATUREThe following notations are used throughout the paper. Indicesh Index of hours t Index of quarter hours g Index of thermal power plants Parameters Day-ahead market price of electricity [€/MWh] Price of flexible demand [€/MWh] Intra-day market price of electricity [€/MWh] Price of gas [€/MWh] , Positive and negative imbalance price [€/MWh] Efficiency of power plant g [%] Maximum intra-day market volume [MWh] Maximum flexible demand for delay [MWh] Expected imbalance [MWh] Negative expected imbalance [MWh] Positive expected imbalance [MWh] Length of delay of flexible demand [h] large price [€/MWh]

Demand side flexibility coordination in office buildings: A framework and case study application

“…(1) Demand side control, (2) Approaches in demand side flexibility coordination, (3) Pricing in demand side flexibility, and (4) Utility value considerations for participating buildings. (Heussen et al, 2012;Kosek et al, 2013;Wang & Martinez, 2014) Indirect Power Control (Aghaei et al, 2015;Ahmad Khan et al, 2016;Borsche, Oldewurtel, & Andersson, 2013;Good, Karangelos, Navarro-Espinosa, & Mancarella, 2015;Heussen et al, 2012;Khan et al 2015;Korkas et al, 2016;Kosek et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Lu, Wang, & Shan, 2015;Mekonnen et al, 2012;Missaoui et al, 2014;Moghaddam, Saniei, & Mashour, 2016;Ottesen & Tomasgard, 2015;Pouresmaeil, Mehrasa, & Catalão, 2015;Perez, Baldea, & Edgar, 2016;Safamehr & Rahimi-Kian, 2015;Siano & Sarno, 2016;Vivekananthan et al, 2014;Yanine et al, 2014) Building Control (Shaikh et al, 2014;Yan, Wang, & Xiao, 2012) Coordination . (Ampatzis, Nguyen, & Kling, 2013;Asare-Bediako, Kling, & Ribeiro, 2013;Badawy et al, 2013;Balta-Ozkan et al, 2013;Colak et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2014;Graditi et al, 2015;Kim & Shcherbakova, 2011;Kofler et al, 2012;Kovacic & Giampietro, 2015;…”

LINEAR breakthrough project: Large-scale implementation of smart grid technologies in distribution grids

“…The share of shifting flexible demand in reducing imbalance volume, compared with other balancing actions like thermal generator dispatch or intra-day market trading, was shown to be significant in [43].…”