Optimum conditions for Al13 polymer formation in PACl preparation by electrolysis process

Qu, Jiuhui; Liu, Huijuan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.058

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Two major interaction mechanisms are being considered in recent years; precipitation and adsorption, each being proposed for a separate pH range. Flocculation in the low pH range is explained as precipitation, while the higher pH range (>6.5) as adsorption [38][39][40][41]. At high pH values above 9, Al(OH) 4 − is also present in the system.…”

Section: Description Of Ec Processmentioning

confidence: 95%

Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process

Aouni

Fersi

Ali

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

125

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Section: Description Of Ec Processmentioning

confidence: 95%

Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process

Aouni

Fersi

Ali

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

125

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“…There are different ways to produce PACl. Researchers have shown that the distribution of Al species in PACl varies according to the physical and chemical conditions during PACl production Bertsch, 1987;Bottero et al, 1987;Kloprogge et al, 1992;Qu and Liu, 2004;Hu et al, 2005. A PACl with over 70% Al 13 has been produced by an electrolysis process (Liu et al, 1999a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al(III) speciation on coagulation of highly turbid water

et al. 2008

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In Taiwan, the turbidity of raw water for fresh water treatments can sometimes reach as high as 40 000 NTU due to intensive rainfall, especially in typhoon seasons. In response, water works often apply large quantities of coagulants such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl). In this study, simulated and natural highly turbid water was coagulated with two PACls, a commercial product (PACl-1) and a laboratory product (PACl-E). The Al species distributions of PACl-1 and PACl-E under various pH conditions were determined, and the corresponding coagulation efficiency was evaluated. The PACl-E has a wider range of operational pH, while the efficiency of PACl-1 peaks at around neutral pH. For simulated water up to 5000 NTU, the PACl-E was superior to PACl-1 at low dosage and in the pH range studied. Similar results were discovered with natural water, except that when the turbidity was extremely high, the coagulation efficiency of PACl-E decreased significantly due to the presence of large amounts of organic matter. The coagulation of PACl-E was closely related to the content of polycationic aluminium (Al 13 ) while that of PACl-1 was dictated by the amount of Al c . The sludge from PACl-E coagulation had better dewaterability when the optimum dosage was applied. The experimental results suggest that for natural water up to 5000 NTU, PACl containing high Al 13 species is recommended for coagulation. In cases when the water contains high organic matter, efficient coagulation depends upon enmeshment by amorphous aluminium hydroxide.

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“…Among many coagulants, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) is the most widely used coagulant and has been paid attention by researchers (Edzwald, 1993;Hu et al, 2006;Qu and Liu, 2004;Tang and Luan, 1995;Wang et al, 2002;Yan et al, 2008). Many studies have confirmed that the content of Al b and Al c in PACl are correlated closely to Al 13 and Al 30 , respectively (Akitt and Farthing, 1981;Chen et al, 2005;He et al, 2003;Yan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride with high content of Alb or Alc

Zhao¹,

Zhang²,

Luan³

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high content of Al b or Al c . 2.52 mol/L PACl 1 with 88% Al b and 2.38 mol/L PACl 2 with 61% Al c were successfully prepared. Three coagulants, AlCl 3 , PACl 1 and PACl 2 were investigated on their hydrolysis behavior and speciation under different conditions. The effects of pH and dilution ratio on Al species distribution were investigated by ferron assay. Experimental result showed that pH had a significant effect on Al species distribution for the three coagulants. Dilution ratio had little effects on Al b and Al c distribution in whole dilution process except the beginning for PACl 1 and PACl 2 . The results indicated that transformation of Al depends largely on their original composition. AlCl 3 was the most unstable coagulant among these three coagulants during hydrolysis process. PACl 1 and PACl 2 with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less affected by the hydrolysis conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions.

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Optimum conditions for Al13 polymer formation in PACl preparation by electrolysis process

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process

Treatment of textile wastewater by a hybrid electrocoagulation/nanofiltration process

Effect of Al(III) speciation on coagulation of highly turbid water

Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride with high content of Alb or Alc

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